BROMLEY: INSECTS AND STORM DAMAGE 
43 
up in place of many of the fallen pines, furnishing ideal breeding grounds 
for the Gypsy Moth, a major shade tree as well as forest pest. This in¬ 
stance is cited to indicate the relationship of the development of insect 
outbreaks in the woodlands to the shade tree insect problem. 
Pine stumps and logs are favorable to the development of certain 
weevils and small ornamental pines in the vicinity of such material may 
be attacked later by the Pales Weevil, which, emerging from pine logs 
and recently cut stumps, attacks young conifers and causes damage by 
gnawing the bark and this injury may be followed by that of the grubs 
mining the bark and cambium below the surface of the soil; the Pine 
Trunk Weevil, which, closely related to the White Pine Weevil, attacks 
the bark of the trunks of young conifers instead of the leader of the tree 
and thus causes greater damage or death to its host; and possibly the 
Pine Root Weevil, related to the Pales Weevil and causing serious injury 
to young Scotch and other pines by attacking the bark and cambium at 
the ground level and below. Prompt disposal of pine logs and stumps 
in the vicinity of young conifers is of great importance. 
There is need of fuller recognition of the part played by larger wood 
borers, such as the Sugar Maple Borer, one of the most dangerous and 
insidious of the insect enemies of this maple, its tunnels frequently 
resulting in girdling and death of young trees and serious weakening of 
the older trees; the Locust Borer, a beetle belonging to the same family 
as the Sugar Maple Borer, but whose attacks are confined to the locust, 
to which it has been causing increasing damage in late years following 
serious winter injuries to these trees in the northern part of their range 
as a result of the extremely low temperatures of the season of 1933-34; 
the Leopard Moth, an introduced borer which is an important pest in the 
northeastern states of soft maples, elms, horse-chestnut, apple, beech, 
birch, dogwood, hickory, oak and even walnut, tunneling the branches 
or upper portions of the trunk and causing structural weakness; the 
Carpenter Worm which breeds commonly in oak and sugar maple and is 
the larva of a moth of the same family as the leopard moth, and which 
breeds commonly in oak, sugar maple and locust, tunneling the trunk 
and larger branches and thereby lowering their resistance to wind dam¬ 
age; the Callous Borer, also the larva of a moth, breeding in soft 
maple, and other similar borers, all of which presumably have been im¬ 
portant in producing conditions favorable to invasion by wood rots, and 
may thus extend damage to trees for many years after a violent storm. 
The weakened branches and trunks resulting from the recent hurricane 
are likely to favor a considerable increase in the number of these pests. 
