ELEPHAS ANTIQUUS—TRUE MOLARS. 
37 
The intermediate varieties of molars which link together the broad, the narrow, and 
the tliick-plated crowns are numerous, and establish such a gradation from the broad to 
the narrow tooth that a series can be arranged with these extremes at either end. This is 
not at present so clear in the case of the thick-plated variety, which, however, shows a 
disposition to pass into the characters of the narrow crown as seen in Plate III, fig. 1. 
It will appear, from the instances already furnished in relation to the first and second 
true molars, that the variability so apparent in the last of the dental series is not confined 
to it; even in milk teeth there are thick plates and broad and narrow crowns, which are 
evidently youthful conditions of similar appearances in the full-grown Elephants. 
The following molars in the National Collection and elsewhere are worthy of being 
recorded as illustrative of the foregoing, and also of the intermediate conditions which 
bridge over the extremes. 
Two upper teeth. Nos. 37,285 and B. M., show abnormalities, possibly 
deformed conditions of their crowns. The former from Clacton displays a remarkable 
compression of the ridges on the outer and posterior part of the crown. The tooth is 
very small, but unquestionably a last true molar. All excepting the two last are in wear, 
and give a formula of 14 x in 9 inches, there being a loss of plates and the fore talon. 
This is an instance of a modification of A Variety. The other tooth is of the left or 
opposite side. It is abnormally flattened on the outside of the crown. The anterior 
fang supports the two anterior ridges, followed by digitations in pairs, and a con¬ 
tracting hollow shell posteriorly. There are no less than 20 ridges, or a? 18 x, in 9-5 
inches. The enamel is very thin but well crimped, and the first twelve ridges are 
invaded, whilst the disks which are packed close together show also central expansions 
with angulations. This tooth in consequence, probably, of the deformity of its sides has 
the aspect cf a short broad crown of some varieties of the Mammoth’s tooth in which 
there is faint crimping, but the height of the ridges seems to place it with ultimate broad- 
crowned molars of E. antiquus; it is also from Clacton. 
A dredged specimen, No. 33,327 B. M., of a lower molar from LIappisborough, 
is entire excepting a portion of the posterior talon, and holds x 16 x in 11-5 inches. 
Like the foregoing, its ridges are high, the longest (12th) being 7'5 inches. The ridges 
are aggregated, and more or less parallel without curving of the horns of the disks. The 
inachserides are much crimped, with thicker enamel than in the last. It shows more 
pronounced characters of the broad crown, although not to the extent of the more 
typical members of A Variety. 
An injured upper molar, No. 37,271, B. M., in the Brown Collection, is from the 
brick earths of Walton, Essex. There are posterior ridges wanting, leaving 14 in a 
space of 8 inches. The tooth has only the first five ridges invaded. The crown is inter¬ 
mediate between the narrow and broad tooth. 
Another broad crown is instanced by the upper molar, No. 40,385, B. M., from 
Oundle, Northamptonshire. The cement has been much denuded. There is a loss 
