ELEPHAS ANTIQUUS—TRUE MOLARS. 
39 
Happisborotjgh. All excepting the posterior talon ridge are worn, showing that it 
belonged to an aged individual. The number of ridges seem to have not exceeded 18, or 
x 16 x, in a little less than 10 inches. 
The entire upper molar just commencing wear, shown in the ‘E. A. S.,’ pi. xiv b, 
fig. 10, is in the Norwich Museum. It represents the broad crown just commencing wear, 
there being only three ridges invaded. This molar was supposed by Falconer at first to 
belong to E. meridionalis, but the height of the ridges and their mode of arrangement 
are antagonistic to this belief. It holds a? 18 a? in 11 inches. 1 
A palate specimen in the British Museum, No. 38,491 contains portions of the last 
molars in situ. The jaw is from Peckham in Surrey, and affords evidence of the 
preceding molar having been in wear at the same time. The above contains 15 ridges in 
8'5 inches. The breadth across the jaws in front of the molars is 7'4 inches. The 
space between the molars in front is 2'2 inches, at the middle 2‘8 inches, and poste¬ 
riorly 3'2 inches. 
In Mr. Gunn’s collection at Norwich there is a highly suggestive example of the two 
entire upper molars in situ, No. 218. They are referred to by Falconer in his notes.- 
The specimen is from the Forest bed and has pebbles still adhering to the sides of the 
teeth, which are intermediate between the broad and the narrow crown. Each molar 
holds apparently a? 17 to x 18 x in 9'3 inches, with a maximum breadth of 2'7 inches. 
The pits of a fragment of the second molar are in front on the right side. The teeth are 
broad in front, tapering steadily towards the posterior talon. There are twelve of the 
anterior ridges in wear, and the front of the teeth converge, with an interspace of foul- 
inches, and at the posterior talon, five and a half inches. The ridges are, as usual, high, 
the fourteenth being seven and a half inches in height. 
In the same museum, from Overstrand, near Cromer, No. 306 of Mr. Gunn’s 
collection, is a left lower molar, holding 17 a?. There is a loss of plates in front. It is 
very characteristic of the members of A Variety. Here there is well-marked mesial 
expansion, crimping, and aggregation of ridges. 
The molars in the mandible presented to the Norwich Museum by Mr. Windham 
are referred to by Falconer. 3 The jaw was found near the jetty of Cromer. There is a 
loss of a ridge or two in front, but 12 a? remain in a space of 11 inches. The breadth 
of the crown at the middle is 3’4 inches. The teeth in this jaw furnish good examples 
of the crowded ridges and broad crown of A Variety. I shall refer again to this jaw when 
I come to consider the Mandible. 
No. 361 is in a left lower ramus, and belongs to the Gunn collection ; it is from the 
upper portion of the Forest bed. The pits of the penultimate tooth are in front. The 
ultimate tooth is hidden in the jaw posteriorly, but its ridge formula can be made out to 
be a? 19 or else x 20 x. 
The above is a splendid example of the gigantic tooth of A Variety, and is about 11 
i < Pal. Mem.,’ vol. i, p. 447 ; vol. ii, pp. 138 and 182. 3 Ibid., ii, p. 182. 8 Ibid., vol. ii, p. 188. 
