4U BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 
inches in length. It contrasts with another in the Norwich Museum, showing the long, 
narrow crown of B Variety, from the “ Post-Glacial Lacustrine bed at Mundesley.” This 
molar is not entire, and furnishes 16 x, or 17J ridges, in 10'2 inches. 
A magnificent specimen of a mandible, containing five plates of the penultimate and 
two entire ultimate teeth, is preserved in the Museum of the Geological Society of London. 
The characters of the jaw are very suggestive of the species, and will be described in 
the sequel. The last molars have lost the posterior talon only, but its impression is quite 
evident on the wall of the alveolus, so that the teeth yield a? 19 a? in 12 6 inches. The 
worn crowns are broad, and display well-marked characters of the E. antiquus. They 
give a maximum breadth of 8 inches. Unfortunately, the locality from whence the 
specimen was derived is unknown, but no doubt British. It is referred to and figured 
by Dr. Falconer. 1 2 
An intermediate condition of crown between the “broad” and “narrow” tooth is 
well seen m No. , B. M., from Ostend, Norfolk coast. It is of the upper jaw, and 
remarkable for the excessive ridge formula as compared with the members of A Variety 
generally. The tooth is almost perfect, and although ground down to the base in front, 
gives satisfactory indications of having originally held 20 ridges, or a? 18 a?, in 12 inches. 
The plates are relatively thicker than iii the broad-crowned type, being on an average 
0’8 inches in thickness. 
The crown and profile view, pi. xii d, figs. 5 and 5 a, ‘ Fauna A. Sivalensis/ shows a 
variety of upper molar very like the preceding. Here there are clear indications of an 
onginal lidge formula of a? 17 a? in a space of 11'5 inches. The specimen is in the 
British Museum and numbered 40,989, “ from Canterbury Museum.” A similar 
description of upper crown, from Grays, Essex, with thick plates, is seen in No. 602 of 
the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons. These correlate A and B Varieties. 
The long, narrow crown is always best observed in lower molars, of which there are 
abundant examples in public and private collections. 
In the British Museum the following may be indicated in addition to the specimens 
already described. 
No. 33,367, B. M., in a lower ramus, is from Happisborough. Here, evidently, 
there were 20 ridges in 13 inches. Another ramus, No. 40,840, B. M., dredged also 
on the East Coast, off Norfolk, holds a molar of this type, and evidently x 17 x in a 
little over 11 inches. 
1 Since my attention was drawn to the broad-crowned variety, I am gratified to find that Mr. Gunn 
has been familiar for the last twenty years with specimens of this description of molar, which in his MS. 
Catalogue in the Norwich Museum he names the Leptodon giganteus ; and it may have been such-like 
worn crowns that led Falconer to surmise what he designates “ the pre-glacial variety of the Elephas 
primigenius from the Norwich coast” (‘Pal. Mem.,’ vol. ii, p. 170). Of the characters of this tooth he 
(Falconer) observes that they “ diverge widely from the ordinary form of E. primigenius in the direction 
of the Indian Elephant, but still maintain all the distinctive marks of true E. primigenius .” 
2 ‘Pal. Mem.,’ vol. ii, p. 185 ; and ‘F. A. S.,’ pi. xiii a, fig. 4. 
