ELEPHAS ANTIQUUS—MILK MOLARS. 
10 
label attached to the specimen. The tooth is not entire, there having been a loss of 
posterior ridges, leaving eight in a space of three inches. The worn crown is eminently 
characteristic of the species. This may be the “ last upper milk molar ” discovered by 
Falconer in the cave of Maccagnone, and which he failed to distinguish from the existing 
Indian Elephant 1 at the time, although it is clear from the label that he subsequently 
had cause to withdraw his previous decision. A third milk molar upper jaw, holding 
x 10 x in OTIS m. or about 4'8 inches, is described and figured by Belgrand 3 as that 
of E. primigenius. It is from the gravel pits of Mentreuil, near Paris, where remains of 
E. antiquus have been found, including the humerus and teeth I shall refer to in the 
sequel. The author considers this milk tooth to belong to the Mammoth ; but, as far as 
the figure and descriptions extend, it seems to me unquestionably that of E. antiquus. 
A highly instructive instance of the last milk molar from the Maccagnone cave is 
represented by Baron Anca in the £ Bulletins of the Geological Society of France.’ 3 
I examined the above and other specimens in Anca’s collections from the Palermo 
caves in 1863. Dr. Falconer, however, in his paper on the e Natural History Review ’ 4 
seems to have considered the tooth in question, like the above, “ undistinguishable from 
the existing Indian Elephantwhilst Lartet, who had also seen it in Anca’s possession, 
was of opinion that it belonged to the last of the milk series of E. antiquus, and I arrived 
at the same opinion from an independent examination of the specimen. It is fairly repre¬ 
sented in the plate referred to below. The crimping of the machserides in the specimen 
is, however, more pronounced than in the plate. The central expansion, angulations, 
ridge formula, and general character of the crown are undistinguishable from British 
specimens. It holds x 10 x in 4‘8 inches. 
Another specimen of apparently a well-worn last upper milk tooth, holding seven 
plates and a heel in 3 inches, and a third, also imperfect, were shown to me by Baron 
Anca. The latter specimen was nearly entire, and contained 10 x in 5 inches. Here, 
again, the crowns presented unmistakable characters of E. antiquus. 
I am particular in noting these facts, more especially for the reason that teeth have 
been found in deposits in the basin of Palermo with such pronounced mesial expansions 
of their disks and other characters as to lead to the opinion that they belong to 
E. Africanus; whilst another set from the caves in the same neighbourhood display 
peculiarities not referable to either, and more in common with the crown of the Asiatic 
Elephant or its fossil ally the E. Armeniacus. 
Affinities. —The last milk molar of E. Namadicus is shown in plate 12 c, figs. 2 
and 3, of the ‘ Fauna A. Sivalensis,’ and holds 11 ridges in 5 - 5 inches. It is impossible to 
distinguish the above from lower third milk molars of E. antiquus. 
1 ‘ Pal. Mem.,’ vol. ii, p. 250. 
2 ‘ Basin de Paris, Texte,’ p. 175, and pi. xvii. 
3 Second series, vol. xviii, pi. xi, fig. 8, and at p. 684. 
1 January, 1863, and ‘ Pal. Mem.,’ vol. ii, p. 250. 
