12 
BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 
U. upper. 
L. lower. 
Plates talons x. 
Maximum length 
and breadth of 
crown. 
Remarks. 
r 
u 
x 3 x 
07 x 0'5 
Mus. Royal Coll. Surg. England. 
1 
E. Asiaticus 1 . 
1 
u 
x 4 x 
0-8 x 0 55 
Busk, ‘ Trans. Z. S. L.,’ vol. vi, table, 
p. 307. 
L 
x 3 x 
07 X 0-5 
Mus. Royal Coll. Surg. England. 
l 
L 
x 4 x 
075 x 0-45 
Busk, ‘ Trans. Z. S. L.,’ vol. vi, table, 
p. 307. 
Affinities.- —The first or ante-penultimate milk molar in the Mammoth is not, that I 
am aware of, represented in any collection, public or private, in Great Britain; and 
Dr. Falconer does not appear to have met with it, and surmises only as to its probable 
ridge formula, 2 so that his inferences are based on the strict concord which exists in 
the number of lamina of its successional teeth and of the Asiatic Elephant. It is of 
the utmost importance, however, with reference to A', antiquus and allied forms that 
comparisons should be drawn between the ante-penultimate milk molars in them and the 
Mammoth. It may be stated, as regards the teeth here referred to E. antiquus, that 
their discoveries in the fluviatile deposits at Grays Thurrock and in the Victoria Caye, 
irrespective of dental characters, are additional evidence of their connection with E. antiquus, 
seeing that the former has produced more molars of this Elephant, than perhaps any single 
locality in England, and the latter has furnished remains of E. antiquus only. Judging 
from what is known of the dentition of the Mammoth, it seems to me highly probable that 
its ante-penultimate milk molar will show a higher ridge formula and much more 
attenuated ridges than in E. antiquus. 
This molar in E. meridionalis, according to Falconer, is “ a broad oval, narrowest in 
front and broadest in the middle,” with “very wide disks” and “ thick enamel plates ” 
in the upper jaw, whilst the lower molar is “ much smaller and more compressed in 
front,” and “ cusp-shaped, like the corresponding tooth of the Sewalik ” E. ( loxodon ) 
ffianifrons} 
The same tooth in the Maltese fossil Elephants is quite like that of the E. antiquus, 
but is of smaller size. 4 
The ante-penultimate in the African is rather more robust ordinarily, but does not, 
1 I prefer Asiatic to Indian as a general designation for tlie animal of Asia, including the Hindee, Suma¬ 
tran, Burmese, and Cylonese Elephants, on the score that they are only varieties of one Continental species. 
2 £ Pal. Mem.,’ vol. ii, pp. 159 and 161. 
3 ‘Pal. Mem.,’ vol. i, p. 21 (Note), vol. ii, pp. 110 and 114, and ‘Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,’ 
pi. xii, figs. 1, la, 1 b. The close affinities between the E. meridionalis and E. planifrons on the one 
hand, and the E. antiquus and E. Namadicus on the other, were repeatedly pointed out by Falconer. 
4 ‘ Trans. Zool. Soc. Lon.,’ vol. ix, p. 12, pi. i, figs. 3, 4, and 5. 
