54 
BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 
referred to at p. 38, is extremely suggestive. It has lost all the hind portions of both 
rami posterior to the teeth, and the rostrum is injured and its dimensions indeterminable; 
but the horizontal portion of the ramus is perfect, and presents the following characters: 
—The diasteme is nearly vertical. The two mentary foramina are situated about midway 
on the side of the diasteme. The upper aperture is distant about two inches from the margin. 
The lower is on a line with the floor of the gutter, and about an inch from the border. 
From the alveolar border in front of the teeth to the middle of the gutter is 5 inches. 
Breadth of the latter at the middle is 3 inches. Length of gutter is 4'5 inches. 
Height of the ramus in front of the molar and at the middle is 7 inches. 
There is a rain us of the right side containing portions of the penultimate and last true 
molars in the collection made by Miss Gurney and presented to the Norwich Museum. 
The teeth are very characteristic of the broad crown with aggregated ridges. Here the 
large foramen is about 2J inches below the alveolar margin, and the mental holes are 
within an inch of the free margin of the diasteme. 
Another lower jaw, No. 33,337, B. M., containing the last molars, already described 
at p. 38, although not perfect, affords the following data :—A nearly perpendicular 
diasteme. A small rostrum. An unusually large upper mental foramen, just below the 
front of the tooth, and about 2'5 inches from the margin. A small foramen close to the 
free border and about the middle of the diasteme. The latter is 5 inches in length. The 
height of the jaw in front of the tooth is 7 inches ; at its middle 7‘5 inches. The length 
of the gutter is 5 inches. 
A very perfect lower jaw, displaying all the characters just noticed and further data, 
is seen in the specimen, in the Museum of the Geological Society, already noticed in 
connection with its molars at p. 40. It contains a portion of the fifth, and almost the 
entire sixth or ultimate true molar. The condyle, rostrum, and a portion of the lower 
and inner wall of the alveoli are lost. The jaw is represented in pi. xiiiA, fig. 4, of 
the ‘ Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,’ and its dimensions are given by Falconer, 1 so I shall 
only refer to the most characteristic features of the specimen. 
The diasteme and rostrum are precisely as in the last. There are two mentary 
openings and one anterior dental foramen. The latter is large, but not so capacious as in 
several of the foregoing. It is 4'5 inches from the free margin of the diasteme, and 
3 inches below the alveolus. ■ There is a small opening about half way up the diasteme 
and about 1'5 inch from its border, and a third of large size near the rostrum, and about 
2 inches under the symphysial canal. 
The dental canal is more gaping than in either the Asiatic or the African Elephant, 
but the posterior border of the ascending ramus narrows towards the condyle as in the 
African, whereas it is usually broad and rounded in the Asiatic and Mammoth. 
The bulging or greatest breadth of the ascending ramus near the base of the coronoid 
process is common to the Asiatic and Mammoth. The same part in E. antiquus, 
1 ‘ Pal. Mem.,’ vol. i, p. 440. 
