MONOGRAPH 
ON THE 
BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 
.ELUPIIAS PRIMIGENIUS. 
I.—INTRODUCTORY. 
The vast quantities of remains of the Mammoth, Elephas primigenius (Blumenbach), 
discovered of late years in and around the British Islands represent almost every element 
of the skeleton, and therefore afford sufficient materials for the descriptive osteology of the 
species. On that account I propose in the following Monograph to describe, first, the 
Axial, and, secondly, the Appendicular Skeleton. 
The early history of the discovery of Elephantine remains in the British Islands and 
elsewhere is fully recorded in the works of Cuvier, De Blainville, Bronn, Owen, and 
Ealconer. The confusion and uncertainty, however, arising from the belief in the unity 
of the species which, with the exception of Falconer, was maintained more or less by 
these and other comparative anatomists, make many of the records so far valueless, inas¬ 
much as wherever the data do not clearly indicate the characters of specimens it must 
remain doubtful whether they refer to Elepltas primigenius E. antiquus, or Elephas 
meridionalis. 
II.—DISTRIBUTION. 
Remains of Elephas primigenius have turned up in many localities in England, and 
have been found so frequently associated with E. antiquus, that in the absence of proper 
confirmation I will only enumerate the instances known either to myself or to geologists 
and palaeontologists experienced in manipulating molars of fossil Elephants. 
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