ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS.—MILK MOLARS. 
83 
incisor of the Mammoth than that of any other known species, and seemingly on that 
account there is reason to admit the peculiarity as a character of the species. The tusks 
of E. meridionalis, and as far as is known of E. antiquus, do not appear to have exceeded 
the gentle curve of the recent Elephants. I repeat, however, a statement made previously, 
that, considering the vast quantities of teeth of E. antiquus discovered in British strata, 
no entire tusk different in curvature from that of the Mammoth has, as far as I know, 
turned up. 
Exceptions occasionally occur at Ilford and elsewhere of nearly straight tusks ; in propor¬ 
tion, however, to the numbers of molars of E. antiquus there are not only few remains of 
tusks, but these when at all entire show the arcuation of that of the Mammoth; the only 
instance I know of to the contrary is that referred to by Ealconer, from Bracklesham 
Bay. 1 2 There is also a probability that the defensor may not have been developed to 
the same extent in the latter species, just as in the Cingalese as compared with Continental 
varieties of E. Asiaticus. 
2. MILK MOLARS. 
The Pre-ante-penultimate or First Milk Molar (P). 
The existence rarely of a tooth so named in the mandible of the African Elephant 
rests, as far as known to me, on one instance. The specimen is No. 708 b of the Osteo- 
logical Collection, British Museum; it comprehends an entire skull, which is stated to 
have been taken from a skin procured in Paris. The skin has been stuffed, and is placed 
in the Zoological Gallery along with other Mammals. I have before alluded to the tooth 
in question, 3 and both De Blainville and Dr. Ealconer 3 have given illustrations of the 
mandible, and Mr. Busk has also noticed it. 4 It is much to be regretted that neither 
De Blainville nor Falconer, who had opportunities of examining the mandible soon after 
its extraction from the skull, have furnished precise details beyond figures. As the 
specimen now stands it is extremely difficult to understand how the three teeth fitted 
into the space they now occupy in the left ramus. A large portion of the inner wall of 
the horizontal ramus has been cut away, and the septum between the penultimate and 
ante-penultimate has been also removed, whilst the first and second molars are jammed 
so close together that absolutely their fangs cross one another, so as to make it clear that 
1 See my ‘Monograph on E. antiquus.' 
2 “ Dentition of E. antiquus," ‘ Monograph,’ p. 11, and “ Dentition of the Maltese Elephants,” 
‘Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond.,’ vol. ix, p. 10. 
8 ‘ Osteographie,’pi. xiv, fig. 4 ; ‘ Faun. Antiqua Sival.,’pi. xiv, fig. 4; and ‘ Pal. Mem.’(Falconer), 
vol. ii, pp. 89 and 441, and Corrigenda. 
1 ‘ Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond.,’ vol. vi, p. 287. 
