ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS.—MILK MOLARS. 
87 
figs. 1 and 1 a. Mr. Davies has recorded its chief admeasurements. I may observe, 
however, that there is only one fang-pit for the ««fe-penultimate milk-tooth. It might 
be inferred that the posterior was obliterated by the advancing penultimate molar, but 
this is rendered unlikely by the circumstance that the tips of the anterior ridges only 
are worn down. There is a greater likelihood, therefore, that the ante-penultimate tooth 
had one connate fang, like the Saxon specimen and those already referred to. Thus, I 
repeat, they confirm the condition as of occasional occurrence also in E- primigenius. 
This mandible shows a produced chin (fig. 1 a) and low inclination of the diasteme 
(fig. I a), which descends nearly perpendicularly at first, but soon declines and becomes 
nearly horizontal before it reaches the rostrum, which is rudimentary, thus displaying a 
feature of the jaw of the adult Mastodon, and repeating a character common also to the 
young stages of growth in E. antiquus, E. meridionalis, and the two recent species. 
I am indebted to my friend, Professor Dawkins, P.R.S., for permission to figure (and 
print his notes on) the following specimens of awfe-penultimate milk-molars 'discovered by 
him in the Caverns of Somersetshire and Yorkshire. 
Notes on the Pirst Punctional Milk Molar of Elephas primigenius. By Professor 
Boyd Dawkins, P.R.S. 
“ The specimens of the very rare teeth which form the subject of these remarks were 
discovered in the Wookey Hole Hy^na-den in 1864, and in the Robin Hood and 
Church Hole Caves, Creswell Crags, Yorkshire, in 1876, in both cases in cave- 
earth along with 1 the remains of Hyaenas, Lions, Woolly Rhinoceroses, Reindeer, 
Bisons, Horses, and other animals usually found in Hyaena-dens north of the Alps and 
Pyrenees as far as the latitude of Kirkdale in Yorkshire. They consist of four teeth: 
“ 1. (PI- VIII, fig. 5) right lower milk molar (DM. 2), from Church Hole Cave. 
“ 2. (PI. VIII, fig. 6) right lower milk molar (DM. 2), from Wookey Hole Cave. 
“3. (PL VIII, fig. 7) right upper milk molar (DM. 2), from Robin Hood Cave. 
“4. (PI. VIII, fig. 4) right upper milk molar (DM. 2), from Wookey Hole Cave. 
“ Measurements. —Their size, as compared with the corresponding teeth of other 
individuals and species, may be gathered from the following table, in which, also, is placed 
the ridge-formula. 
1 Boyd Dawkins, ‘ Cave Hunting,’ p. 295 ; ‘ Quart. Geol. Journ. Lond.,’ August, 1877, p. 590, et seq. 
