ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS.—MILK MOLARS. 
they always indicate a well-worn crown whose plane of detrition shows in the above 
six disks, with the anterior and posterior talons nearly obliterated. 
The fangs in some upper teeth present considerably larger dimensions. A specimen 
lately obtained in the river-gravels during excavations in Oxford, connected with the 
main drainage works, shows a ridge-formula of x 6 x in 
anterior fang of f- of an inch in width, followed by a long narrow root, w 
the middle and inner side of the crown, and a posterior fang of about the same size as 
the anterior. 
A good illustration of this tooth is seen in No. 44,734, B. M. (PI. VI, figs. 2 and 2 a). 
It is a lower molar from Hutton Cave, and, as far as the stage of dentition is of value in 
determining the thickness or otherwise of the enamel, it is decidedly thick- plated. It 
holds x 7 x in 2‘6 X 1'3 inch, and is equalled by another specimen of the upper jaw from 
the same locality, which contains x 6 x in 2'5X 1'4. In both eight ridges are contained 
in a space of about two inches. 
In the collection of milk-molars belonging to the Kent’s Cavern Museum there are 
ten penultimate deciduous teeth, four of which belong to the upper jaw. The upper 
molars are noted as follows :—“ No. -g-gy-g was found on the 8th of September, 1870, in 
‘ Smerdon’s Passage,’ in the one-foot level of cave-earth, with two teeth of Hyaena, three 
of Horse, two of Rhinoceros and one of Deer, three of Badger, besides bones and fine 
fragments.” It is a crown with the six anterior ridges invaded, and holds x 6 x in 
2 2x13. 
Another crown, more than half worn, No. 315, was found 23rd June, 1865, in the 
Great Chamber, in the four-foot level of cave-earth. It holds x Q x in about the same 
dimensions. The enamel is rather thicker in this specimen than in the generality of 
Kent’s Cavern molars, but milk-teeth vary in these respects, and are not of diagnostic 
importance in respect to thickness or thinness of the enamel. The same formula and 
dimensions are presented by the still more detrited crown No. y-g- f y, from the same depth, 
in the “ North Sally Port, with five teeth of Hyaena, five of Horse, two of Rhinoceros, 
and one of Lion.” The fourth example, No. 5968, is from the “Long Arcade, in the 
three-foot level of cave-earth, with five teeth of Bear.” 1 
The lower-jaw specimens from Kent’s Cavern represent various stages of growth, 
and differ considerably in dimensions and numbers of ridges, as will appear from the 
following table (see next page): 
1 See ‘Report Brit. Assoc.,’ 1872, p. 46. The stratigraphical positions of the others are copied from 
an extract sent along with the original specimens. 
