92 
BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 
Number. 
Ridge- 
formula. 
Dimensions. 
Disks in 
wear. 
Thickness 
of plates. 
Remarks. 
1248 
x 6 x 
1-9 XO'85 
6 
0-16 
Great Chamber, 4-foot level, 10th February, 1866. 
1059 
x 6 
1-5 x 09-5 
6 
0-2 
Ditto ditto 20th December, 1865. 
The cement is denuded from the sides of both of 
these molars, and also portions of the enamels. 
3489 
x 8 * 
2'5 x 1-4 
0 
03 
Sraerdon’s Passage, 4-foot level, with teeth of 
Hy®na, Horse, Irish Elk, and Rhinoceros, 
October 6th, 1870. 
6066 
x S x 
2'3 X 1'25 
5 
0-2 
Long Arcade, 2-foot level, 16th January, 1873. 
2677 
x 7 x 
2-1 x 13 
2 to 3? 
0-26 
Great Chamber, 2-foot level, 4th July, 1867. 
2135 
x 7 x 
1-9 x 1'27 
9 
? 
Vestibule, 4-foot level, 13th February, 1867. 
The molar, Plate XIII, fig. 2, shown in profile, also from Kent’s Cavern, is 
now in the British Museum. Here x 6 x in a lower-jaw tooth is contained in 2xl'2 
inch, the average thickness of each plate being 0'3 inch. The crown is not invaded. 
The teeth in mandible No. 44,967, No. 37, Brady Collection, B. M. (Plate X, figs. 1 
and 1 a), display crowns just invaded, and holding six plates besides two talons in 2xl'l 
inch. 
This mandible is very characteristic of the above stage of dentition of the species. 
The open gutter, thick horizontal ramus, low diasteme, and rather pointed chin are 
present, with the empty socket of the ante-penultimate in front; whilst the scarcely 
detrited crowns of the penultimate show that the individual was very young. 
An occasional tooth may present unusual breadth of crown. Thus, I was shown by 
Mr. Fitch, F.G.S., of Norwich, a second penultimate milk-molar from the Norwich Coast 
holding a? 6 a? in a space of 2 - 7 X 2'2 inches in width. The enamel was very thin. 
All the penultimates, like the succeeding molars from Ilford, present thicker enamel 
than typical crowns of the species, but they also belonged to relatively smaller individuals 
than represented by equivalent teeth from the Arctic regions, and by specimens from certain 
British localities, to which reference has been made in connection with the former 
condition, as I shall have frequent occasion to point out in the sequel. 
From the foregoing and numerous other specimens I find the penultimate milk-molar 
of the Mammoth varies constantly from x 6 x to x 9 x in variable dimensions, not, 
however, always dependent on the number of ridges. 
Affinities .—Of the affinities between this member of the dental series and that of 
E. antiquus and E. meridionalis there is little to add to what I have already stated in connec¬ 
tion with E. antiquus at page 15 of my Monograph on that Elephant. As regards breadth 
of crown, there is a similarity between that of the Mammoth and E. meridionalis, but the 
latter shows invariably a larger quantity of intervening cement, and presents a less 
