ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS.—MILK MOLARS. 
95 
Molyneux in Vol. xxix of the * Philosophical Transactions’ (fig. 2 of Plate to No. 346), 
represented an upper ultimate milk tooth holding x 11 x in 5f X If. In the late 
acquisition made by the authorities of the British Museum of the collection of Pleistocene 
Mammals collected by Mr. Ovvles from dredgings on the Dogger Bank, off the York¬ 
shire Coast, 1 is a palate containing two nltimate milk molars, each of which has a ridge 
formula of x 12 x in 5 - 2x2‘4 inches. The crowns converge in front where the inter¬ 
vening space is P9 inches. At the middle it is 2'9 inches, and posteriorly at the talons 
3'6 inches. The machserides of the enamel are slightly crimped near the middle of 
the disk. 
Through the kindness of my friend Professor McKenny Hughes, I have been 
enabled to examine the fine collection of Proboscidean remains contained in the Wood- 
wardian Museum, Cambridge. Among the treasures from British strata is a series of 
Mammoth molars from Kirby, Melton Mowbray, in Leicestershire, amounting to some 
twenty specimens, which were presented by the late Professor Phillips. The remarkable 
feature relating to these teeth is, as before stated, their small size, as compared with the 
ordinary grinders of the species, and their consequent resemblance in that respect to the 
Ilford molars. A third upper milk molar (No 42) holds a? 12 x in 4jxlf, and 
eight ridges in a space of 2-j inches. This tooth, when compared with No. 39 of the 
above collection, is relatively smaller, and would indicate that the latter belonged to the 
next in succession, with which I have no hesitation in placing it. 
The crown elements here indicate a thin plate, but not so pronounced as in many 
other teeth from British localities. 
Another (No. 22) in the same collection, from gravel at Barton, near Cambridge, 
holds a? 12 a? in 4x2|. Plere the crown is unusually broad, and the tooth short and 
stumpy. The plates are thin, and eight ridges are contained in 2J inches. 
The Brady Collection (No. 20, B. M.) contains two upper ultimate milk molars, 
with as low a ridge formula as a? 10 a? in 5 X 2*4. Each contains eight ridges in 2f 
inches, and I have seen another molar of the upper jaw, also from Ilford, with a? 10 a? in 
only3'8Xl'6 inches. There were eight ridges to 21 inches. These small teeth and 
low formulae in Mammoth molars from Ilford will be seen to agree with the disposition to 
similar characters in their true molars, especially the last of the series, and, as has just 
been stated, in connection with 'the penultimate milk molar. 
The lowest ridge formula I have seen in this member of the milk series, repeating in 
fact the maximum number in the penultimate, is displayed by a specimen in the British 
Museum from Epplesheim, in Germany. It holds x 9 x in 4^Xlg inches, and eight 
ridges in a space of 3 inches. The enamel is thin, with rather an unusual excess of the 
other dental elements. It is interesting to compare the above with the penultimate milk 
tooth from Ilford, described at p. 90, as it shows Falconer’s rule, that “the members are 
1 Mr. Davies, F.G.S., has lately contributed a paper to the Geological Magazine, vol. v, 1878, on 
the Animal Remains from this situation. 
