ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS.—MILK MOLARS. 
97 
Three fragments of mandibles from Ilford in the Brady Collection exhibit teeth 
holding eleven to twelve plates besides talons. One, No. 41, PI. VIII, fig. 1, is more entire 
than the others, and has the last milk molar in full wear; and although the first true 
molar is wanting, no doubt a few of its more anterior ridges had also been invaded. 1 
The height of this jaw at the commencement of the diasteme is 43 inches, and the 
maximum thickness of the ramus is 2'5 inches. The diasteme is nearly vertical, and 
measures 3§ inches from the summit to the floor of the gutter, which has the usual open 
contour of the Mammoth. It is 4 inches in the antero-posterior diameter. The chin, 
as usual, is rounded, and the mental foramina amount to two outer and one inner in 
either ramus. Although the rostrum is lost, like the others, it was evidently small. 
The occasional crimping of the machserides of the enamel of the disk is well shown in 
a much worn lower last milk tooth in the ramus No. 39 of the same collection. This 
jaw has three outer and one inner mentary openings. 
There is a cast of a mandible presented by M. Lartet to the British Museum from 
Lyons. It shows a last milk tooth holding a? 12 a? in 3f inches. The maximum thick¬ 
ness of the ramus at the base of the coronoid is 3^ inches. The latter is quite erect, 
but the diasteme is not so perpendicular as in the foregoing. Here there are three 
mentary foramina on one side and only two on the other. 
One of a pair of very typical lower last milk molars, No. 39,041, B. M., from a “ Raised 
Beach ” at Bracklesham Bay, is shown, crown and profile, in Plate XI, figs. 1 and 1 a. 
It holds x 12 x. The enamel is very thin, and almost cordate, without the faintest indica¬ 
tion of crimping. The crown is quite concave with an anterior curved fang and coalescence 
of the posterior into a shell, showing that the tooth is not half worn down, and in just that 
state of detrition which best displays the specific characters of a molar. 
No. 16 of the Woodwardian Museum, Cambridge, is a fragment of mandible con¬ 
taining a milk molar from gravel at Chesterton, in the neighbourhood. Here the plates 
are thick, but the grossness arises from an increase of all the elements, more especially 
the cement and dentine. It holds x 12 x in 4JX 1|, and 8 ridges in 4’1 inches. 
The lower molar, No. 21,315, B. M., from Ilford, and cited by Ealconer as a good 
illustration of the last milk tooth, 3 shows a remarkably narrow crown for that of the 
Mammoth, but on close inspection of the specimen I find the seven posterior ridges do 
not belong to the same tooth, and have been cemented to the anterior portion, from which 
it is clear that the specimen was made up, probably by the late Mr. Ball, who seems to 
have displayed much ingenuity in patching up broken fossils. 
The same average of plates appears to obtain in ultimate lower milk molars as in the 
upper jaw ; possibly an occasional extra ridge may occur in the former. 
1 PI. ii, fig. 5, of the ‘ Ossemens Fossiles,’ exhibits, perhaps, this stage and state of wear, or nearly 
so ; also De Blainville, pi. x, fig. 3. 
“ ‘Pal. Mem.,’ vol. ii, p. 162. 
