100 
BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 
x 13 x in 6 X 2’7 inches, and eight ridges in 3J inches. The enamel in this specimen is 
conspicuously thin as compared with that usually seen in true molars from Ilford in the 
neighbourhood. This specimen is in the British Museum. 
The fluviatile gravels in and around Barnwell, Cambridgeshire, have been prolific in 
remains of the Mammoth. There is a series in the Woodwardian Museum of associated 
grinders of this species from one situation, comprising two upper well-worn ultimate 
milk teeth, and two upper first true molars, evidently of the same individual, besides two 
lower penultimate true molars, and fragments of other permanent teeth, representing, at 
least, two individuals. 
The upper tooth. No. 57, holds x 13 x in Cfx2|-, and contains eight ridges in 
H inches. The enamel is thick —a character which runs through the set. 
The tooth (No. 42) from ICirby, Leicestershire, referred to the last of the milk 
series (p. 95), is rivalled by another and larger molar in the same collection (No. 39). 
It holds x 13 x in 4f X2^, and eight ridges in 2^ inches. According to the ordinary 
size of the last milk, this specimen would be considered by no means a large one; but it 
contains a ridge over the usual number in a proportionately small species, and is a quarter 
of an inch longer than the tooth No. 42. These facts, taken into account in relation to the 
diminutive ultimate molars from the same locality, described at p. Ill, one of which is 
shown in Plate XIII, figs. 1 and 1 a, seem to associate all with a small form or race, or 
else dwarfed individuals. I have therefore placed the above molar among the first true, 
rather than the last milk teeth. The characters of the crown constituent are as in the 
other tooth at p. 95, the plates being rather thin and crowded 
A still higher expression of the ridge formula in upper molars of this stage of growth 
is well shown in a tooth in the University Museum, Oxford, from the Oxford gravel 
under the city. It holds x 14 x in 5^x 2'8 inches and eight in 2§ inches, showing the 
differences in dimensions as compared with the number of ridges and the thinness of the 
plates as compared with the ordinary Mammoth’s molars met with in the lower parts of 
the river below London. The latter is well shown in an Ilford molar, in which x 14 x 
are contained in 6|x2J inches and it holds eight in 3£. 
A molar (No. 25) found in gravel at Westwick Hall, near Cambridge, and now in 
the Woodwardian collection, contains x 14 x in 7 X 2J inches and eight ridges in 3|. The 
enamel is rather thick and there is slight crimping of the machaerides of the disks. 
The highest expression of the ridge formula in a tooth referable to this stage of the 
dentition is represented by two very entire and beautifully preserved molars (Nos. 11 and 
12) in the Woodwardian museum from St. Neot’s, Huntingdonshire. Each tooth holds 
x 15 x in 5£x2, and has eight ridges in 2.6 inches. The enamel is thin. These teeth 
were accompanied by a long and slender tusk which measures 52 inches in length. 
Lower molars .—The same Museum contains two lower molars from Lexden, near 
Colchester, Essex (Fisher Collection). Each tooth holds a? 13 a? in 6X2| inches, and 
contains eight ridges in 4j inches. 
