102 
BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 
When compared with two jaws of the Asiatic Elephant presenting precisely the same 
states of wear, the differences in these and other characters already noted become at once 
apparent. In all of the following jaws the ridge formula of a? 12 a? is present. The ante- 
penultimates show well-worn crowns, with the anterior ridges nearly ground down to the 
common base. The penultimates are in germ with the tips of their collines appearing. 
They furnish the following metrical data. 
E. Asiaticus , 
No. 1445 a , 
Osteological 
Catalogue, B.M. 
E. Asiaticus , 
No. 2674, 
Cat. Mus. Roy. 
Coll. Surg. Eng. 
E. primigeniuSj 
No. Brady. 
Collection, B.M. 
Ilford. 
E. primigenius, 
Epplesheim, 
B.M. (F. A. Siv., 
pi. 13 A, B, fig. 2). 
Inches. 
Inches. 
Inches. 
Inches. 
Extreme length of the mandible. 
Greatest thickness in front of ascending 
224 
25 
21 
lfi-8 
ramus. 
5f 
54 
5 
4-8 
Height in front of the molar . 
Greatest expansion of rami (from their outer 
8 
e 
6 
47 
borders) . 
18 
15* 
20! 
16 
Length of the molar . 
6t 
6 
5'9 
5-4 
Width at sixth ridge . 
21 
2 
2'2 
2-2 
Space between the molars (in front) . 
33 
54 
3-4 
2-4 
Ditto ditto (behind) . ... 
•H 
3 
6 
48 
Space occupied by eight plates . 
Tip of rostrum to posterior border of the 
44 
4 
34 
gutter. 
64 
54 
54 
Antero-posterior length of symphysis below 
3f 
34 
34 
Width of the gutter at its middle . 
2 
24 
3 
Mandible No. of the Brady Catalogue and Collection just referred to, as figured in 
Plate VIII, fig. 2, is somewhat remarkable for the number and length of its digitations, 
showing thirteen disks in wear and only five with their digitations worn out. The molars 
contain respectively x\2x in 5'2x2’2 inches. 
These jaws are fully described by Davies, and present the best series of mandibles of 
the adolescent stage of growth in the Mammoth that have come under my notice. 
The jaw No. 4 C T presents the remarkably long rostrum shown in Woodcuts, figs. 11 
and 25 (p. 139), fully 4^ inches in length; but it descends, and is therefore not in the 
way of the pre-maxillaries. The well-worn crowns of the molars in the jaw show consider¬ 
able crimping of the machserides near the middle of the disk. The condyles are entire in 
this specimen, the distance between them being 13 inches, and each is 3 inches in the 
antero-posterior, by 3^ inches in the transverse diameter. 
No. (Woodcuts, figs. 12 and 26, p. 139), B. M., presents a similar long beak, 
grooved and continuous with the spout. The mental foramina are irregular as to position. 
The crowns of the molars show thicker plates than usual in crowns from Ilford; indeed, in 
all or nearly all of the first true molars from Ilford examined by me there are about eight 
plates in a space of 4 inches, and in the mandible, No. 47, already cited, that number is 
