ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS. —TRUE MOLARS. 
Ill 
colour and friable consistence characteristic of remains from peat. They are recorded 
to have been found in conjunction with remains of Rhinoceros leptorhinus. The crown 
constituents of all these Lexden molars—and they represent, at all events, two individuals 
—present the same relative proportions as the Mammoths’ molars from the Dogger Bank ; 
there are, moreover, a last upper and a fragment of another true molar from the same 
locality in the Museum of Practical Geology. Both present similar features, and hold 
eight ridges in 3^ inches. 
The British Museum has acquired lately an upper molar from Aylesford in 
Kent, the ridge-formula of which is a? 19 x in 10x2| inches. It is stated to have been 
from “ gravel.” 
The molar figured in the ‘ Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,’ pi. 1, fig. 1, and sawn up the 
middle, is in the British Museum. It is labelled from Bacton, Norfolk, and appears to 
me to show a ridge-formula of x 1 9 x m 11 X 3 inches. Falconer states that it holds 
twenty-one plates, with the supposition that it is not quite entire, but I think a careful 
inspection of the tooth will show that it is entire, and has two accessory ridges or 
talons. The plates are rather thick, the excess being about equally divided in the 
three elements. As many as 4 inches are included in an antero-posterior measurement 
of eight plates. 
The progressive increase of plates is well illustrated by numerous British and foreign 
specimens in various collections. 
During the formation of the Stowe Valley Railway, in a cutting near Lamarsh, 
several molars of the Mammoth were discovered, which are now in the National Collection. 
Among others is an upper ultimate, containing x 20 x in 9x3 inches, and eight ridges 
in 3| inches. 
In the Oxford University Museum there is an ultimate molar, containing x 20 x in 
10x3^-, and eight ridges in 3^ inches. It was obtained from Leighton Buzzard, 
Bedfordshire. 
In the Woodwardian Museum, Cambridge, there is a molar, No. 7, from Crayford, 
which contains x 20 x in 10J X 3j, and holds eight ridges in 4 inches. The machaerides 
of the disks are slightly crimped in the usual position, viz. along the central portion of the 
anterior border, and the enamel is thin. 
In the Phillips collection of teeth, from Kirby, in the Woodwardian Museum, already 
referred to at p. 95, are several ultimate molars, two of which are among the smallest 
upper last molars of the Mammoth that I have examined. 
No. 35, represented in PI. XIII, fig. 1 and 1 a, has the following inscription 
indistinctly written on the cement of the left side of the tooth :—“From Kirby Park, 12 
feet beneath the surface, 1821. For this and other specimens I am indebted to the liberality 
of Mr. (name effaced), Melton Mowbry.” Indeed, as regards dimensions, this tooth is 
not larger than the equivalent molar of the largest of the Pigmy Maltese Elephants, 
