ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS.—TRUE MOLARS. 
113 
A very large molar, dredged up from the bed of the German Ocean off Walton, on 
the Essex coast, and now in the British Museum, holds x 21 x in 114x34 inches. 
There is faint crimping of the crown-disk, but none of the constituents are in excess. 
Another in the same collection, with thick edges of cement and thin enamel, from a 
railway-cutting near Ipswich, Suffolk, contains a? 21 a? in 9|x3| inches, and eight 
plates in a space of 4‘2 inches. A fragment of a third milk-molar was also discovered in 
the same situation. It holds eight ridges in 3 inches, and indicates a similar character. 
No. 37,248, B. M., a superb and typical crown (PI. XIV, fig. 1 ), dredged up 
from the Thames near Millbank, holds a? 21 a? in 9x3'2 inches, and eight ridges in 
3’2 inches. The enamel is thin, but there is no excess of cement nor of dentine, nor any 
indication of crimping. 
A tooth from Broughton Eissure, near Maidstone, holding x 21 x in 9 inches, and 
eight plates in 34 inches, is preserved in the University Museum, Oxford. 
In the collection in the British Museum from the Dogger Bank, already referred to 
at p. 73, are numerous, entire, ultimate molars, with ridge-formulse varying between 
twenty-one to twenty-six plates, besides talons. They show the great discrepancies in 
dimensions between molars with the same ridge-formula. One, a superb specimen, carries 
x 21 x in 12 X 3| inches, and eight ridges in 32 inches; whilst another holds x 21 x in 
8'6 X 3, and eight ridges in 3 inches. 
In the Cotton Collection of the Museum of Practical Geology, there is an Ilford 
ultimate upper molar holding ^ 21 ^ in 8| X 3 inches, and eight ridges in a space 
of 34 inches. 
In Dr. Bree’s collection, dredged on the East Coast and English Channel, I 
examined a large last molar holding either twenty-two or twenty-three plates, besides 
talons, in 10x3'2 inches. 
I11 the collection of dwarf Elephants’ teeth from Kirby, in the Cambridge Museum, 
is the small, imperfect, upper molar (No. 29), holding 21 x m 9 X 2f inches, and eight in 
3 inches. It contrasts with Nos. 30 and 35 already noticed, in not only holding a 
larger formula, which possibly exceeded the above, but it is also a longer tooth. The 
plates are thin, but the cement is rather in excess; the characters, however, are the 
same as the other dwarfed molars from the above-named locality. 
There are several well authenticated cases of molars holding x 22 x. 
A tooth from a cavern near Wells, in Somersetshire, in the British Museum shows a 
ridge-formula of x 22 a? in 9 X 3, and contains eight ridges in a space of 3 inches. It is 
decidedly thin- plated. 
A molar recovered from the Oxford gravels during the main drainage operations of 
1877, and now in the University Museum, contains x 22 x in 10 X 3 inches, and contains 
eight plates in 3 inches. 
There is a tooth, supposed to have been dredged in the Medway, in the British 
Museum with very thin enamel, sparse dentine, and rather an excess of cement. It holds 
*22 x in 10 X 31 inches, and contains eight plates in 2f inches. 
