116 
BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 
Several typical to-plated crowns of Mammoth molars, including the last of the 
series, with from twenty-five to tw r enty-six plates, are well shown in pis. xi, xii, xvi, and 
xvii of the ‘ Archives du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle de Lyon,’ by Dr. Lortet and M. 
Chantre. The specimens were obtained from the valley gravels of the Soane and Loire. 1 
Lower Molars. —I have not seen a lower last molar with so low a ridge-formula as 
oo 18 a?, but doubtless examples might be adduced. 
A tooth in the British Museum, from Ilford brickfields, holds x 19® in 9|x2f. 
The crown shows slight crimping of the enamel, which is thin. 
A dredged specimen in the collection of Dr. Bree, from the North Sea, holds xI9z 
in 11 inches. The plates are very thick. 
No. 127 of the Woodwardian Museum (locality unknown) is possibly the tooth 
referred to by Falconer, 2 and if so it is surprising that he overlooked the formula, seeing 
that it clearly holds a? 19 x, being at least three ridges below what he believed obtained 
in the ultimate molar of the Mammoth. It is 10^X3j, and contains eight ridges in 5 
inches, all the elements being in excess. 
The formula of a? 20 a; is exhibited in the following : 
A mandible, No. 624 a in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 
from the brick-earths (?) of Grantham, near Crayford, below London, is nearly entire, 
and besides the ultimate there had been a fragment of the second molar also in use, but 
it is lost. The former holds x 20 x in 12 X 2f inches. The jaw is characteristic of the 
species, with a high diasteme. The height at the summit of the latter is inches, and 
the width of the gutter in front is 2§ inches. The mental foramina maintain their 
general positions, being near the margin with the larger one, close to the anterior fang of 
the second tooth. 
A mandible with the ultimate molars in place from Erith, Kent, is in the British 
Museum. Each tooth holds x 20 x in 9^ X 3 inches. The enamel is thick. 
No. 582, Mus. Roy. College of Surgeons, is a right ramus with a third molar and 
fragment of a second in front. The locality is unknown, and the tooth represents a 
cluster of digitations on the posterior ridge, as in a major degree marks occasional 
deformities, where the ultimate portion is often doubled up upon the side of the crown. 
The tooth is much arcuated and thick-plated, and shows a formula of x 20 x in 12x2^ 
inches, with eight ridges in as much as 41 inches. 
I am indebted to my friend Mr. Davies, F.G.S., for drawing my attention to a very 
interesting collection of Pleistocene remains in the British Museum, from Porcupine 
River, on the eastern frontier of Alaska. The collection comprehends two molars and 
an astragal of the Mammoth, besides remains of the bison, musk-ox, and horse, all of 
1 These authors also figure pis. xix and xx, large massive crowns, which they refer to E. meridionalis, 
/torn Central and Southern France. These teeth, however, appear to me to belong to JE, antiquus, and 
represent the broad and thick-plated crowns described in my ‘ Monograph,’ p. 31. 
2 ‘Pal. Mem.,’ vol. ii, 174. 
