ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS.—TRUE MOLARS. 
IIP 
has been suggested, were derived from the “Forest Bed,” there can be no question 
whatever as to the correctness of Falconer’s diagnosis of the above molar. It has clearly 
the typical crown of the Mammoth, with rather thin enamel, according to my experience, 
whilst Falconer says “ slightly thick.” He observes, moreover, that the plates are 
“ perfectly free from crimping.” This is not apparently quite the case, as there is a little 
crimping towards the middle of the machserides. 
The tooth is about 11J inches in length by about 4 inches in width, and contains 
eighteen ridges, and eight ridges in 4 inches. It represents that of an aged individual, 
and only wants the assurance of its reputed origin to establish the existence of E. prirni- 
genius in pre-glacial, times. 
A thick-plated tooth in a fragmentary condition from “ blue clay at Lawford, near 
Rugby,” is in the University Museum, Oxford. It holds 19 x, and contains eight ridges 
in 4 inches. The thickness of the plates here appear dependent on a general increase of 
the crown constituents, and not of one element in particular. 
In the Museum of Science and Art, Dublin, there is a mutilated molar of the upper 
jaw of the Mammoth, received from the “ Black Sea.” Unfortunately there is no further 
history attached to it, but my friend Dr. Carte, M.R.I.A., Conservator of the Museum, 
is of opinion that it was presented to the collection by an officer during the Crimean 
War. It has evidently been dredged, as it contains shells of Cirripedia and cells of 
Flustra on its outer surface. There is a loss of plates behind as well as in front, so that 
its exact position in the series cannot be accurately defined. It holds thirteen plates in 
4J inches. The enamel is very thin and altogether similar to the very thin- plated 
Arctic molars. 
There is a fragment (No. 10) of a last molar, containing about twelve plates, in the 
Woodwardian Museum, from the “ Valley of the Danube.” Its enamel is somewhat 
thick. 
Two lower teeth, No. 572 of the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, from 
Bridport, Dorsetshire, are remarkable for their narrow crowns and thick plates, and 
contain 19 x in 11 X 3 inches. There are eight ridges in 4\2 inches. 
A fragment from the “ Isle of Dogs,” near mouth of the Thames, is in the British 
Museum. It is stated to have been procured from a peaty deposit. The enamel is 
thin, and eight ridges are contained in 3 inches. 
Another broken tooth, showing very closely packed plates and thin enamel, is in the 
same collection. There are nineteen ridges; and eight ridges in only 2J inches. The 
specimen is evidently that of an ultimate molar, and was found in gravel at Ballingdon, 
in Hertfordshire. 
Norfolk Coast, 1 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc.,’ vol. xxvili, p. 418. I must here correct a surmise made by me 
with reference to the above molar in supposing that the specimen was probably the broad-crowned variety 
of E. antiquus (‘Monograph on E. antiquus,' note 1, p. 40). This supposition, after having examined 
the specimen, which I had not seen at the time, I now fully admit was wrong. 
