122 
BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 
4 J inches, and indicates that the latter had been increased when the ridges were being 
worn out. The interesting fragment from Parkinson’s Collection in the Museum of the 
Royal College of Surgeons, and figured by him and Professor Owen, is equalled by 
nearly a precisely similar fragment, No. 3448 of the Kent’s Cavern Collection, 
lately sent to me for examination by Mr. Pengelly. These teeth attest the extreme age 
attained by the animal. 1 
The two North-American molars, figured and described by Cuvier, 2 one from near 
the mouth of the “ Mississippi,” the other from “ Bigbone Lick,” Kentucky, show, as 
in the lower molar from Siberia, described at p. 117, very evident traces of having been 
much rolled. Neither specimen was seemingly entire. One of these contains twenty-two 
ridges, and presents precisely the same ///«-pktted characters of the foregoing and 
the molars from Behring Strait and the Arctic Circle generally. 
There are two fragments of true molars, possibly ultimate teeth, in the Woodwardian 
Museum, from “ Bigbone Lick, Kentucky,” bearing the peculiarly Arctic aspect of the 
above, in the enamel being very tliin. Like the Ohio molars the specimens are blackened, 
as obtains also in Mastodon remains from the latter State, as if all had come out of peat. 
A fragment from the same locality is in the British Museum, and as far as appearances 
go is indistinguishable from the foregoing. 
Mandibles with teeth in situ .—There are two mandibles in the British Museum of 
very old Elephants, in the Owles Collection, from the Dogger Bank. One is No. 46,197, 
and shows (as in Plate VIII, fig. 3, from Ilford) the usual characters of ultimate teeth in 
containing more cement externally than in the preceding teeth, for the reason that this 
material is needed to fill up the space between the tooth and the jaws. In the former the 
round heel is nearly level with the border of the coronoid, and, although the jaw is broken 
across immediately behind, a considerable fragment of the cancellated plug remains where, 
in the case of a second or any other member of the dental series, the crown of a successor 
would have appeared. The crowns of the molars are detrited to the common base in front, 
and only twelve plates and posterior talon remain. The rostrum in this specimen is 
conspicuously long (Woodcut, fig. 23, p. 139), being over 3 inches in length, and the 
antero-posterior diameter, including the spout, is 11 inches. The mental foramina 
(Woodcut, fig. 9, p. 13B) are further apart from the free margin of the diasteme than 
usually obtains in the species. The jaws are thick, being about 6 - 2 inches at the base of 
the coronoid, and the height of the symphysis is 4'2 inches. The teeth converge a good 
deal, being 4 inches apart in front, 5 at the middle, and 8 behind. 
The other mandible, No. 46,215, B. M., show's molars with very thick enamel and 
much cement as compared with the usual crown from the Dogger Bank. Here the 
mental foramina are also unusually irregular, there being four on the right and three on 
the left, at irregular distances relatively to the border of the diasteme. The tooth is 
1 ‘Organic Remains,’ pi. xx, fig. 7; ‘Brit. Fossil Mammals,’ fig. 95. 
2 ‘Ossemens Fossiles,’ vol. ii, p. 181, and pi. xv, figs. 9 and 11. 
