ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS.—CRANIUM. 
131 
of the Royal College of Surgeons, also repeats the above-mentioned character. The 
intervening hollow, which, of course, varies with the size of the tooth, becomes broader 
and shallower towards the alveolar border. The decided parallelism of the tusks of 
A 7 , ganesa, not only in their sockets, but for some distance beyond, is remarkable as 
compared with other fossil species. No doubt there were individual differences, as obtain 
in the Asiatic, where the divergence is sometimes more pronounced, in such as the 
Dauntela Elephant of Corse, in the British Museum, and the celebrated Clioone 
(Asiatic), and an African in the Hunterian Museum, Royal College of Surgeons (Woodcuts, 
figs. 2 and 3). The alveolar divergence is pronounced also in the skull of 
A. Namadicus} 
Fig. 2. Fig. 3. 
E. Asiaticus, Clioone (No. 2654, in Collection of E. Africanus (No. 2845, in Collection of Royal 
Eoyal College of Surgeons). College of Surgeons). 
Sub-orbital foramen (PI. VII, fig. 1 a) is apparently larger in the Mammoth and 
Asiatic than in the African. The part is not sufficiently well preserved in other fossil 
crania to allow of comparison. 
The post-orbital process (PI. VI, figs. 1 and 1 a) is more lengthened, pointed, and 
hooked in the Mammoth than in the recent species, but it is more so apparently in the 
Asiatic than in the African. Ealconer states that this process in the A. meridionalis is 
“like that of the Mammoth.” 2 
The lachrymal tubercle , as pointed out by Cuvier, is more prominent in the 
Mammoth than in the Asiatic, where it is apparently less projecting than in the African. 
It is pointed in A meridionalis, according to Falconer. 3 
The zygoma in the Mammoth (Pis. VI, VII) and in A. Asiaticus is just below the 
condyles; whilst it is much lower in A. Africanus, A, meridionalis , A Namadicus, and 
1 ‘F. A. Sival.,’ xxivA, fig. 4. 2 ‘Pal. Mem.,’ vol. ii, p. 123. 3 Idem, p. 123. 
