..— — 
* 
142 
BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 
the African (fig. 41) shows a greater disposition to constriction at the middle_a 
character seemingly present also in E. meridionalis (fig. 40). I must admit, however, 
that the condyle does not seem to me a satisfactory means of diagnosis. 
Ih e posterior aspect of the nech of the mandible is seemingly alike, with very little 
variation, in both the Mammoth and the Asiatic Elephant, being relatively narrower than 
obtains in the Meridional and African species, which again present close affinities. 
This will be more or less apparent from the following Woodcuts, figs. 39, 40, and 41. 
Fig. 39. Fig. 40. Fig. 41. 
A 
E. primigenius, Ilford. 
(British Museum Collection, 
No. *.) 
E. meridionalis, Yal d’Arno. (British 
Museum Collection, No. 37,339.) 
E. Africanus. (Collection of Royal 
College of Surgeons, No. 2846.) 
Coi onoid. 1 he coronoid in the Mammoth does not generally rise within two inches 
of the upper surface of the condyle. Its anterior border is sometimes straight, some¬ 
times concave, generally slightly concave with thickening of the apex. In the Asiatic it 
is neatly level with the summit of the condyle, the anterior border presenting a similar varia¬ 
bility to that of the Mammoth, whereas it is usually concave in the African, whose condyle 
is nearly level with the apex of the coronoid. The characters of the anterior border are, 
however, so subject to variation, that little reliance can be placed on it as distinctive of 
any one species. 
The beetling of the anterior and upper portion of the coronoid has been considered 
a chaiactei of the two recent species; but this is by no means the case, as the contour is 
constantly varying in specimens, and is very variable also in the jaw of the Mammoth, as 
also seen in the accompanying Woodcuts, figs. 42, 43, 44, 45, and 46. 
Foramina. The external mental foramina are, as a rule, closer to the free margin of the 
diasteme in the Asiatic Elephant and Mammoth than in the African, and, perhaps, the E. 
meridionalis and E.antiqms; but that there are exceptional instances, and that the condition 
1 Falconer, op. cit., vol. ii, p. 128. 
