144 
BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 
No. it, B. M., Ilford. Very old, only 16 
ridges of last molar in use, PI. VIII, 
fig. 3 (E. primigenius). 
No. 61 a, B. M., 1 Eschscholtz Bay, Arctic 
America. Last molar more than half 
detrited (E. primigenius). Woodcut, 
fig. 5. 
Geol. Soc. Mus., Burlington House, locality 
unknown. 2 Last true molar commencing 
wear, portion of second in use. Faun. Ant. 
Sival., p. 13 A andB, fig. 4 ( E. antiquus). 
Woodcut, fig. 13. 
Woodwardiau Museum, Cambridge, 
“Forest Bed/’ Norfolk Coast. Last 
molars in full wear (E. meridionalis ), 8 
No. 37,334, B. M., cast, Val D’Arno. 
Same state of dentition as in mandible 
of E. antiquus (E. meridionalis). Wood- 
cut, fig. 14. 
Mandible of Corse’s specimen (B. M.) of 
the cranium, referred to at p. 133, with 
two last molars in use (Dauntelle variety 
of E. A.sia,ticus). 
Extreme length of the jaw. 
22 
25 
20 
22 
29 
29 
Maximum thickness at front of the ascend- 
ing ramus . 
5-7 
6’5 
7- 
7'5 
7- 
6- 
Height at the summit of the diasteme . 
5'8 
8- 
10- 
9- 
9- 
81 
Greatest expansion of rami at their outer 
borders. 
21- 
Lost 
24-5 
23- 
22 
22 
Length and breadth of ultimate molar. 
8'2 x 3-2 
8-x3- 
12’ x 3'1 3 
8 - x 3'5 4 
CO 
X 
GO 
Space between molars in front . 
3-5 
3o 
32 
4-4 
3’5 
„ „ middle . 
4- 
36 
3- 
,, „ behind . 
10 
7'5 
8-5 
From tip of rostrum to posterior border of 
symphysial gutter . 
7-5 
5- 
5-2 
T 
8'5 6 
Greatest width of gutter in front . 
2-5 
2-8 
3-6 
3-5 
4’ 
2- 
Height of ascending ramus to summit of 
condyle . 
15'2 
15’5 
16-37 
17 
19 
Breadth of ascending ramus. 
12' 
Lost 
11-5 
9-5 
11-5 
Length of horizontal ramus from diasteme 
to anterior border of coranoid . 
8' 
8- 
8-8 
8- 
11- 
95 
The genera] characters which distinguish the mandible of the Mammoth from that of its 
extinct co-species may be epitomised as follows:—1. The chin is usually broad. 2. The 
rostrum poorly developed. 3. The diasteme is nearly erect, very generally high. 4. The 
symphysial gutter is wide. 5. The posterior border of the ascending ramus is rounded. 
6. The sides of the condyle are only slightly compressed. 7. Dental canal opens 
upwards. 8. There is less difference in length between the horizontal and ascending 
rami. 9. The posterior surface of the neck of the condyle is narrow. 
In all these characters it approaches closer to the Asiatic Elephant than to any other 
species hitherto recorded. The Asiatic has a relatively less expansion of the rami and a 
1 Referred to p. 123. 
3 Referred to Monograph on E. antiquus, p. 54. 
s , 4 , 5 Last molars hidden in jaws ; the lengths, therefore, are from the parts exposed. 
H Rostrum is very long, four inches in length. 
7 The condyles are wanting, therefore the length is from the neck. 
6 Condyles and neck lost. I have only given a few measurements of this very interesting mandible, 
as I propose to describe and figure it in my next Monograph. 
