ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS.—SCAPULA. 
145 
more pronounced crotchet or process on the margin of the dental canal, but otherwise the 
variability to which the jaw of the Mammoth is subject seemingly goes nearly hand in 
hand with the variations in the mandible of the Asiatic Elephant. 
3. SHOULDER GIRDLE. 1 
Scapula. —Cuvier was the first to record the points of resemblance between the 
scapula of the Mammoth and that of the Asiatic Elephant; 2 and Nesti makes a similar 
statement with reference to A’, meridionals'!' 
Unfortunately the shoulder-blades of E. antiquus have not been described, whilst the 
scapula in the so-called Adams’s skeleton in St. Petersburg has been shown by Cuvier to 
be wrongly put together; indeed, it would appear that this is the case with various other 
portions of that skeleton, which has been constructed from bones of several individuals. 
The neck of the scapula in the Mammoth is broader and the glenoid cavity relatively wider 
than in the recent species, as pointed out by Cuvier. 
According to De Blainville the recurved process, or crotchet, is less curved than in 
the Asiatic, and the acromion is nearer to the articular surface, whilst the suprascapular 
border is more arched than in the latter species. 1 
With reference to the contour of the glenoid cavity. Busk has observed that it is 
broad and oblong in the African, whilst there is a constriction of the sides in the Asiatic 
and Mammoth. 5 
The almost entire, and the only well-preserved specimen of the scapula I have seen 
from British strata is shown in PI. XV, fig. 1 a, b. I am informed by Mr. Davies that 
its integrity is owing entirely to the care bestowed, in its removal from the matrix, by the 
Rev. Nicholas Brady, M.A., son of Sir Antonio Brady, F.G.S., to whom science is indebted 
for the recovery of numerous other Pleistocene remains from the lamous brickfields of 
Ilford. Only a small portion of the anterior border is wanting in the specimen. The 
above-mentioned characters are well shown in PI. XV, fig. 1 5, whilst the distinctions 
between the scapulae of the two recent species and that of the Mammoth will appear 
from PI. XV, figs. 2 and 3. 
The spine (fig. 1 a) rises higher above the plain of the scapula in the Mammoth than 
is apparently the case in either of the recent species. 
1 The vertebral column should properly follow the preceding details, but entire specimens of its 
elements are not easily procured. I hope, however, to be enabled to obtain sufficient data to enable me to 
point out their characters in my next memoir. In the meantime I shall proceed to the consideration 
of the anterior extremity of the Mammoth. 
2 ‘Ossem. Foss.,’ vol. ii, p. 216. 
3 ‘ Fossili del Yal d’Arno,’ fig. 6. 
4 1 Osteographie des Mamm.,’ p. 171. 
5 ‘Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond.,’ vol. vi, p. 244. 
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