146 
BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 
In the African (PI. XV, fig. 3) the anterior border is more rounded than in the Asiatic 
(fig. 2), and apparently in the Mammoth; and the crotchet is more bent downwards than 
m either of them. The antero-posterior length of the neck is relatively smaller in the 
African, but it is apparently broader in the Mammoth than in the Asiatic Elephant. The 
position of the crotchet would seem to stand in its relation to the glenoid cavity in the 
following order: It is nearest in the African, further up in the Asiatic, and slightly more 
so in the Mammoth. 
The glenoid is clearly, as shown in figs. 2 a and 3 a, broadly distinctive in the 
African as compared with Asiatic and the Mammoth (fig. I a) and even JE. meridionalis} 
The supra-scapular border is seemingly more arched in the Mammoth than in the 
Asiatic, and is more even in the African than in either of them. 
The following are the measurements of the three scapulae in question : 
Extreme length. 
Extreme breadth . 
Height of the spine . 
Length of the spine. 
From coracoid to the tip of the acromion .’ ' " ’ 
Coracoid to the tip of the crotchet. 
Acromion to the upper and inner border of the recurved 
process . 
Acromion to the tip of the recurved process 
Length of the anterior border. 
Length of the posterior border 
Length of the supra-scapular border to the commencement 
of the spine . 
Dimensions of the glenoid cavity 
Antero-posterior length of the neck . 
Plate XV, Fig. 1 
Brady Collection, 
B.M., Ilford. 
Plate XV, Fig. 2 
E. Asiaticus, 
2744d, 2 
Mus. Roy. Coll. 
Surg. Eng. 
Plate XV, Fig. 3. 
E. Africanus, 
708 h , B.M.3 
Inches. 
Inches. 
Inches. 
32 
34 
27-5 
37 
30-5 
26 
8 
8-5 
5 
28 
31 
29-5 
6-2 
4 
4 
15 
13 
10 
15-5 
14-5 
11-5 
11 
10 
95 
— 
22 
22 
22 
19 
13 
27-5 
32 
24 
6'8x4 
7x42 
6-8 X 3-8 
10 
10 
8 
Besides the above there are several other fragments of shoulder-blades from the Ilford 
brick-earths in the Collection and in the Catalogue. For example, No. has a glenoid 
cavity of 6'5 X3-9 inches; No. 6'8x3'3; No. —, 6'8x3’8. In Mr. Owles’s 
Collection from the Dogger Bank, the glenoid cavity of No. 46,256 is 7.7x47, and 
No. 46,257 is 8'X 5‘ inches. 
1 ‘Ossemens Fossiles,’ pi. xiii, fig. 5. 
This is the largest scapula of the Asiatic Elephant I have seen. The pelvis and humerus of the 
same individual is preserved in the Museum. I have referred to the latter in my Monograph on 
E. antiquus, p. 59. 
3 The second true molar ‘s in wear in the skull of this individual, showing that it was an old 
Elephant. 
