162 
BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 
The maximum length in the Mammoth seldom exceeds hi inches, whereas in E. 
antiquws 1 it is 6 - S inches; and several still larger specimens are represented in the British 
Museum, Gunn Collection, and that of A. Savin, Esq., of Cromer, all of which may 
probably belong to JE. meridionalis or E. antiquus. 
Metacarpals. 
First digit. —The first metacarpal of the Mammoth does not seem to present any 
character different from that of the Asiatic, which, however, as far as the afore-noticed 
single instance of the African is concerned, may be distinguished by the upper and lower 
surfaces of the shaft in the two former being not so broad and flattened as in the latter. 
This bone and its homologue of the hind foot are seemingly shorter in the African than 
in the Mammoth and Asiatic Elephant, and there is apparently a few differences in the 
contours of the distal articulating surface in the Mammoth and Asiatic as compared with 
the African species and F. meridionalis, which are more alike. 
A colossal bone of this member of the manus, 4A inches in length, found on the 
beach at Cromer, is in the Gunn Collection. This specimen in the concave upper aspect 
of the distal facet presents a character of the African, but otherwise the general outline 
and circular contour of the proximal articular surface show no very close affinities with 
either of the recent Elephants. 
Second digit. —Comparisons of these elements of the fore foot of the Mammoth with 
similar bones of the recent species do not point to any characters available for diagnostic 
purposes. 
The second metacarpal of the Mammoth is represented in the Owles Collection and 
the Brady and Gunn Collections, the largest being 5'8 inches. 
There is a large specimen in the Owles Collection, B. M., from the Dogger Bank, 
7'5 inches in length. The proximal articular surface is 5'S X 3 inches, and the distal 
4‘4 inches in height by 4'4 in width. The girth midshaft is 8'8 inches. 
This digit is not relatively stouter nor longer than in the recent Elephants, and the 
same character may be said generally to obtain, at all events with the three longest toes, 
in the fore and hind feet of the Mammoth. 
The first phalanx is more even at its proximal or metacarpal articular aspect in both 
the Asiatic and Mammoth than in the African, in which the foot is relatively broader, 
but these characters may not be persistent. 
Third digit. —The sides of the metacarpal are more flattened in the African than in 
the Mammoth and Asiatic. 
The magnal surface is more concave in the two last-named species, which differ 
from E. antiquus as regards the contours of the central and marginal facets, as seen in 
Plate XVIII, fig. 7, of the Mammoth, and fig. 6 of E. antiquus, on the one hand, whilst 
