ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS.—EEMUR. 
mmm 
165 
enormous bones in the collections of Mr. Gunn, Mr. Johnson, and Mr. Backhouse, from 
the Forest Bed ; but altogether it is slender as compared with them. 
2. The posterior surface is considerably less flattened in the Mammoth and these 
huge bones and in the Asiatic than in the African, the external border being more 
pronounced in the Asiatic than in the other two, whilst it is rounded in the African. 
3. The external surface. —It is nearly even throughout in the African (708 h), whereas 
it bulges at the third trochanter in the Mammoth and Asiatic. In some femora of the 
c c 
former, such as (fig. 7) and ^ of the Brady Collection, B. M., from Ilford, this 
Q 
character is pronounced to a greater extent, whereas another femur, j- ( j - in the same 
collection, the bulging is not so well marked. In the other fossil femora neither 
character is very evident. 
4. The internal surface. —It is broader and more even in the Mammoth than in 
either of the recent species, and more so in the African than in the Asiatic. 
Condyles. 
The relative dimensions of the condyles do not seem to furnish important 
distinctions. I have noticed the differences in the width of the inter-condyloid spaces in 
the recent species, 1 or rather the degrees of convergence, which is greater in the Asiatic 
than in the African, 708 h B. M., and this seems to be the case very generally in the 
Mammoth (Plate XIX, fig. la, and Plate XXII, fig. 6), and the same is shown in 
the condyles of the femur in Mr. Johnson’s possession described in the sequel. 
Individual differences occur in other specimens of large thigh-bones from the Norwich 
coast, as seen in Gunn’s Collection, and, as before noticed, 2 the condyles referred to 
T. antiquus, from Walton, are not quite so convergent as in the Mammoth. 
The patellar surface is broad and shallow in 708h (African), whereas in the Mammoth, 
> j ; and in the huge femora of E. meridionalis, it is generally more concave and deeper (see 
1 ! Plate XIX, fig. 7, Plate XXII, figs. 5 and 6, and Plate XXVI, fig. 3£). 
In Beechy’s £ Voyage of the Blossom’ 3 there is represented a femur of the Mammoth 
from Arctic America. The specimen is in the National Collection. It is remarkable 
’ll for its long and slender shaft. The following are its dimensions : 
i| j Length 39 inches; to the neck 36 inches. 
Girth at midshaft 12 inches. 
si The smallest width at midshaft 4J inches. 
1 P. 62. I must here correct a slip of my pen in connection with the degree of convergence of the 
condyles of the femur in E. Asiaticus, where I state that “ in the Mammoth and E. Asiaticus the condyles 
fi are ‘ more apart,’ ” which should be more convergent. 
2 P - 62 - 
3 Plate ii. 
mm 
