166 
BRITISH POSSTL ELEPHANTS. 
Breadth above the condyles 6f inches. 
Antero-posterior diameter at the distal end 4*4 inches. 
Antero-posterior outer condyles 6-J inches. 
Antero-posterior inner condyle 8 inches. 
Greatest width between inner borders of the condyles 3 inches. 
The nutrient foramen is within 15 inches of the head on the inner and posterior surface. 
Another left femur, in the same Collection, is 48 inches in length, with the 
nutrient foramen at the same distance from the head. Various examples are given by 
authors. Thus, Breyne 1 2 refers to a femur from Siberia 36 inches in length and 
13 inches in girth at midshaft. Cuvier represents a Siberian specimen no less than 
42 inches in length without the proximal end, and De Blainville also refers to similar 
specimens. 
With reference to femora from British strata. The Owles Collection from the 
Dogger Bank contains several thigh-bones of the Mammoth, several of which indicate 
very large individuals. Thus, No. 46,275 shows an antero-posterior diameter of the 
inner condyle (by tape) of 11 \ inches, and the outer 9| inches; the breadth across the 
condyles is 9’2 inches. 
c 
The right femur. No. ^ of the Brady Collection, B. M., from Ilford (Plate XIX, 
fig. 7), is an excellent example of the thigh-bone of the small variety of the Mammoth 
from the above locality. Its dimensions are given in Davies’s Catalogue. The length, 
however, is less than there stated, being 40 instead of 45‘5 inches; its girth midshaft is 
14 J inches. The antero-posterior diameter of the inner condyle is 8’3 by callipers, and 
15^ inches by tape ; the outer is 7'6 by callipers, and 13J inches by tape. 
There is also another very perfect specimen from the same locality in the possession of 
Professor Tennant, P.G .S., the length of which is 37^ inches, and least girth 12f inches. 
A huge left femur in the British Museum, dredged on the Dutch coast, has lost the 
head and great trochanter, leaving a length of 46 inches ; the girth midshaft is inches. 
The nutrient foramen is about the junction of the upper with the middle third. Another 
femur from the same locality, with the head and neck wanting, gives a length of 
45 inches. The molars of the Mammoth dredged on the coast of the Netherlands and 
eastward perfectly correspond with these large bones. 3 
1 ‘Phil. Trans.,’ vol. xl, p. 124. 
2 I have just lately been shown at Lowestoft, Suffolk, a superb left lower ultimate molar of the Mam¬ 
moth dredged off Spimlico on the German coast. It is one of the most entire of any molar of this 
Elephant that has come under my notice. The enamel is very thin, as in the Dogger Bank and Arctic 
molars. It is 12 inches in length by 3^ in maximum breadth, and holds a formula of a; 21 x. The anterior 
■fang is curved backwards, followed by 6 or 7 fangs, and terminating in a hollow shell. Several teeth in 
the possession of J. J. Colman, Esq., M.P., of Corton, Suffolk, were dredged off Lowestoft, of a precisely 
similar character. One enormous thin-plated tooth, No. 35 of Mr. Randall Johnson’s Collection, was 
also dredged thirty-five miles to the south-east of Lowestoft. It is in such a state of integrity that it 
