ELEPHAS PRIMIGENIUS.—EIBULA. 
169 
Museum, from Ilford, I am likewise disposed to place with E. antiquus for the same 
reasons. The following are its dimensions:—Length 26'8 inches; girth, midshaft, 13 
inches, girth, proximal end, 27'5, and of the distal 22 inches ; breadth, proximal articular 
surface, 8-5 inches, ditto, distal, 5'4 by 4’3 inches. The distal fibular facet is oblique, as 
in the Mammoth. The remarkable grossness of both these bones is in so much keeping 
with numerous instances of Mammoths’ tibiae from the Arctic regions and British strata, 
that I am inclined to place them with the large bone described from Camberwell, Surrey. 1 
This tibia is shown in PI. XIX, fig. 11, for the purpose of comparison with that of the 
Mammoth (fig. 12). 
Another large and very stout tibia, No. 48,134, B. M., Ilford, shows a prominent 
incurving shin, with a deep pit for the extensor muscles. The length is 25 inches, the 
girth, midshaft, is 12'4 inches, and the inferior articular surface 4 (a. p. d.) X 5-| inches. 
Whether such leg-bones belonged to unusually large individuals of the Mammoth, or its 
more ponderous ally, the E. antiquus , it is difficult to say. The tibia, like the femur, was 
no doubt subject to considerable individual differences in size. 
11. EIBULA. 
A noticeable external character in the fibula of the Mammoth is that in several 
specimens the outer surface of the shaft is decidedly broader in it, the Asiatic, and the 
huge bones from the East coast, than appears in the single specimen of the African in the 
National Collection; moreover, as a general rule, the distal tibial facet is more horizontal 
in the latter than in them. 
This is seen in Plate XIX, fig. 4, No. 
C 
220 
, Brady Collection 
from Ilford, as compared with the huge bone from Cromer (fig. 3). These two bones 
will be seen to differ also in the contours of their tarsal articular surfaces. 
In a large collection of Mammalian remains from the Crayford brick-earths, Kent, 
belonging to Dr. Elaxman Spurred, of Belvedere, there is an entire fibula of the 
Mammoth. The upper facet is oblique, and so is also the distal tibial articular surface. 
The bone is compressed from side to side at its proximal end, and a prominent external 
ridge runs down the shaft. There is also an internal ridge, which is sharp, and descends 
from the head to the internal angle. The bone is almost triquetrous. 
The length is 19 inches, and maximum breadth of the distal extremity 3 inches. 
12. PES. 
The hind foot, like the manus, appears to have been relatively smaller in the 
Mammoth than in either E. antiquus or E. meridionalis. 
