172 
BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 
round in the young of the Asiatic Elephant and the full-grown Mammoth, as compared 
with the adult Asiatic and the African, in which the tip is curved, and the greater 
concavity on the anterior articular surface in the Asiatic and Mammoth as compared with 
the African. Two cuneiforme bones, from Grays, Essex, gave respectively dimensions as 
follows:—No. 30,612, B. M., is 3J by 2 inches in breadth, No. 36,613, B. M., is 3jby 
1§ inches. These, I apprehend, might belong to F. antiquus. 
I have not seen the internal cuneiforme of the Mammoth. A specimen referable to 
E. meridionalis will be noticed in the sequel. 
Metatarsus. 
First digit. —I have not seen the first pedal digit of the Mammoth. There are some 
apparent differences between the first digits of the two recent species with reference to the 
configuration of the shafts, the upper surfaces being more convex, and the lower more 
concave, in the Asiatic than in the African Elephant. 
Second digit. —There does not seem much to note in regard to this element of the 
foot as compared with that of other Elephants. The second metatarsal in the Mammoth is 
usually about 4 inches in length, with a similar girth at the middle of the shaft. Its 
proximal phalanx has the tarsal union broader and more even in the Mammoth and 
Asiatic Elephants than in the African, in which it is broad. The bone is more symme¬ 
trical in the two former, with the scar for the internal cuneiforme very pronounced in the 
Mammoth. 
Third digit. —The third metatarsal is not unfrequently 8 inches in length in the 
Mammoth. Its characters are much like the recent Elephants, with a few minor distinc¬ 
tions of the shaft in the former, Meridional, and Asiatic, as compared with the African; 
these, however, may not be persistent. 
Fourth digit. —There is little to note of importance as compared with other species. 
The cuboidal facet of the metatarsal partakes of the character of the Asiatic bone in being 
less even than in the African. The usual length in the Mammoth is about 4—5 inches. 
Fifth digit. —The same characters of the shaft obtained in the fifth metatarsal as 
in the equivalent bone of the fore foot; but otherwise I can perceive nothing of any very 
appreciable value, unless that possibly the cuboidal facet, as in the Asiatic, is more circular 
than in the African, and the same appears to be present in the huge bones from the 
Forest Bed ; the dorsal surface, however, is broad and rounded, as in the African. The 
small articular facet on the inner aspect of the distal extremity is not always present. 
The first phalanx is apparently larger and more compressed at midshaft in the 
Mammoth and Asiatic than in the African, and the irregularities as regards the other 
phalanges referred to in connection with the fore foot seem more or less common to the 
hind foot. 
