174 
BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 
another character appertaining to the Mammoth; in fact, the diagnosis of its equivalent 
molar could scarcely be better illustrated than by this specimen. 
A deep ragged groove will be seen running along the rim of the crown (fig. 1 a ), 
with numerous pits marking the margin of the gum and a “ caries ” condition, which had 
commenced early, as the tooth is only about one-third worn. 
3. Another specimen (PI. XX, fig. 3) shows the fragment of a crown on the point of 
being shed; it confirms the condition of the machaerides observed in PI. XXI, fig. I. 
Here, again, although the plates are nearly worn out, there are none of the pronounced 
central expansions and angulations which are so generally well developed in teeth of 
this size in E. antiquus. The enamel is very thin and finely crimped. 
4. Another entire left lower first true molar, No. 5 of Mr. Savin’s Collection, 
from the same situation as the two preceding, holds xl2 x in (i J X 2 inches, and five ridges 
in 3 inches, and presents all the characters of the foregoing. 
The above, when compared with molars of E. primigenius from the Norfolk Coast, and 
supposed to belong to Post-Pliocene deposits, present no appreciable differences whatever. 
This view is pointedly sustained by the tooth ascribed by Falconer 1 to the Pre-Glacial 
Mammoth, and referred to at p. 118, so that the evidence advanced by him is, to my 
mind, as fully established as that of any of the other remains belonging to the so-called 
Forest-Bed Series. Moreover, when the teeth and bones belonging to the other two 
Elephants are advanced as exponents of their specific distinctions, and the fact that all 
are met with in the same deposits, one can scarcely admit that they represent individual 
or race characters of one extremely variable species. Wherever the evolution of these 
three distinct forms took place it seems to me, as far as materials extend, that the cha¬ 
racteristics here pointed out entitle them as much to the rank of species as is claimed by 
their living representatives. I can now have no hesitation in admitting the Mammoth 
among the Pre-Glacial Mammals of the British Islands. This conclusion, advocated by 
Falconer and combated by Boyd Hawkins, but ultimately accepted by the latter, clears 
the ground, it appears to me, for further researches into the chronology of one of the most 
widely spread Mammals of the Tertiary Period. 
FURTHER ADDITIONS TO THE DENTITION OF ELEPHAS ANTIQUUS. 
The magnificent molars shown in Plate XX, figs. 1 and 2, are two of four entire 
teeth belonging to the same individual. They were dug out of the submerged Forest 
Bed at Corton, near Yarmouth, after one of the heavy gales which tear up the deposits 
and wash bones and teeth ashore. From the perfect state of preservation of the 
specimens and absence of any rough usage, I apprehend that they were discovered in situ. 
1 Op. cit., vol. ii, p. 170. 
