178 
BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 
Woodwardian Collection of the above University. It contains two entire ultimate molars, 
typical of the long narrow crown, the ridge formula of each being x 1 0 x in 12x3'8 
inches. This jaw is stated to have been found “ below peat.” I have, moreover, examined 
lately, in Mr. Savin’s Collection, a fragment of a very narrow, but very thick-plated first 
true molar, obtained by him from the Forest Bed, Overstrand, near Cromer. It 
contains x 12 in 9 X 2'5 inches. These seem to approach the tooth of E. Africanus , as 
further illustrated by the specimens on which Falconer founded his so-called E. prisms} 
and others recorded at p. 33 et seq., and notably by the interesting molar discovered by 
Professor Ramsay near Tangier, 1 * 3 in the land of the African Elephant. The reciprocal 
relations of these links in the chain of evidence are bound together by further instances 
adduced in this Monograph, and seem to me extremely suggestive as showing the 
evolutionary characters of E. Namadicus, E. antiquus, E. Africanus, and the Maltese 
fossil Elephants on the one hand, and of E. primigenius and its allies on the other; 
whilst in E. meridionalis, although, as far as yet known, it does not seem to tend 
so markedly towards any of them, still, as I shall point out, there are indications of a 
passage between certain molars of this species and the thick and broad crown of E. 
Namadicus and E. antiquus. 
ELEPHANTS OF THE RED CRAG OF SUFFOLK. 
The Proboscidean remains from the Red Crag pre sent more specimens of Mastodon 
than Elephas; nevertheless fragments of molars of the latter have been found, but 
seldom more than a few plates in juxtaposition. Like the other animal relics, they show 
clear traces of having been much rolled, and are usually highly silicified and discoloured 
by the ferruginous matrix of the bed. These remnants are not uncommon in public 
collections—to wit, British Museum and Museum of Practical Geology, and in private 
collections also. 
Falconer identified E. meridionalis and E. antiquus , s but I am not aware of any 
indications of E. primigenius having been found ; indeed, as far as my own observations 
extend, I have been unable to meet with a specimen clearly assignable to E. meridionalis, 
inasmuch as all the transverse sections of discs present thick enamel central expansions 
and frequently pronounced angulations of the thick-plated {E. priscus ), variety of E. 
antiquus, as appears from the following : 
1. The fragments of crowns (PI. XXVI, figs. 2 and 4) from Red Crag diggings at 
1 Op. cit., vol. ii, p. 96. 
s ‘ Journ. Geol. Soc. London,’ vol. xxxiv, p. 515, fig. 9. 
3 Op. cit., vol. ii, p. 206. 
