184 
BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 
nature of the coast-lines of Norfolk and Suffolk, and constant interruptions, interfere 
very much with attempts to correlate the members of the series, consequently their 
sequences are by no means accurately determined. Allowing for some diversity of 
opinion amongst geologists 1 as to the stratigraphical relations, and the fragmentary con¬ 
ditions of the animal remains, the following may be considered a fair summary of the chief 
Fauna and Flora which existed from the deposition of the lowermost strata up to the com¬ 
mencement of the Glacial formations, as far as has been accurately determined. 3 It is 
apparent, however, that the list is far from being complete, and that even many of the 
remains of the Mammals, especially the Ungulates, the most extensive and interesting 
portion, deserve more attention than has been hitherto bestowed on them. 
The Insectivora are represented by Talpa Europceus, Mygale moschata, Sorex 
vulgaris, 8. fodiens, 8. remifer. 
The Rodentia by Castor fiber, Trogontherium Cuvieri, Arvicola amphibius, A. agrestis, 
A. glareolus, Seiurus (?). 
The Carnivora by Cams lupus {?), Canis vulpes (7), Machairodus, Eelidce, Maries syl- 
vatica, Gulo luscus , 3 TJrsus spelceus, Ursus ferox, Trichecodon Huxleyi, Phoca. 
Of Proboscidea Elephas meridionalis, E. antiquus, E. primigenius. 
The Cetacea by Monodon monoceros, and two species of Balmioidea are represented 
by vertebrae. 
The Ungulata present many difficulties in the way of accurate determinations. The 
following have been recorded : — Equus caballus, E. stenonis, Rhinoceros etruscus, IL 
megarhinus (?), Hippopotamus major , Sus scrofa, Caprovis Savinii. The Cervidas are 
represented by Cervus megaceros,* C. capreolus * C. elaphus* C. polignacus, C. cormtorum, 
C. verticornis, C. Sedgwickii, C. bovides, C. latifrons, &c., altogether thirteen species. 
The majority of the Cervine remains are very fragmentary, and confined to pieces of 
antlers or portions of the calvarium. 
The Invertebrata are represented by Unio, Cyclas , Paludina, Mya truncata, Leda 
myalis, besides Insects, all of recent forms, still met with in East Anglia. 
The Flora of the period, according to the determination of Heer and Hooker, belong 
to recent genera and species, such as Quercus, Betula, Aims, Prunus spinosa, Pinus sylves- 
1 See Prestwich, ‘Journ. Geol. Soc. London,’ vol. xxvii. Gunn, vol. xxvi, p. 551. 
2 I am indebted to Mr. E. T. Newton, F.G.S., of H.M. Geological Survey, for a list of the Carnivora 
and other Mammals. Mr. Gunn has also furnished me with several names. I have also drawn from the 
writings of Falconer, ‘ Pal. Mem.,’ vol. ii, p. 473. 
3 The Glutton, Marten, and Seal have been lately added to the fauna by Mr. E. T. Newton, 1 Geol. 
Magazine,’ vol. vii, 1880. 
4 These species have been retained in lists of the Deer of the Forest Bed on apparently doubtful 
authority, and seemingly as regards the Irish Elk and Ked Deer altogether on the evidences of fragments 
of antlers, which might have belonged to any of the other large forms. A horn of a capreoloid Deer in the 
King Collection, Jermyn Street Museum, is said to have been obtained from the coast of East Anglia, but 
its exact stratigraphical position is not given. 
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