ELEPHAS MERIDIONALIS.—MILK-MOLARS. 
189 
although all the ridges, excepting the posterior talon, are invaded, only the first two have 
their digitations worn out. The enamel has the usual undulations common in such 
teeth, but there is no crimping of their machaerides. The posterior fang is very broad, 
being If inches; the anterior fang is lost. There are five ridges in 2 inches. 
The size is in favour of the tooth being that of a large species of Elephant, the gross¬ 
ness being consequent on thicker wedges of cement than ordinarily obtain in E. antiquus 
and E. primigenius, and there is an absence of crimping. 
This tooth supports the characters of the true molars of E. meridionalis much better 
than any of the preceding. 
Another right lower molar in the above-named gentleman’s Collection, from Cromer, 
has the cement denuded. It is smaller, with a ridge formula of x 6 x in 2f by 1*2 inches 
in breadth. Here five ridges are contained in a space of 2 inches. The excess of cement 
and the large dimensions are the important points in the diagnosis; whilst the crimping of 
the enamel machaerides of the discs are, on the other hand, in favour of E. antiquus. I 
repeat, however, that the second milk-molar per se is not always a reliable element in the 
diagnosis of species. 
These are all the entire teeth belonging to the above member of the milk-series that 
have come under my notice. 
I have examined several fragmentary specimens ; but, with the exception of the fore¬ 
going, none are convincing as regards their association with E. meridionalis. 
The molars, from Tuscan deposits, representing this stage of the dentition of E. 
meridionalis are fully described by Ealconer. 1 The ridge formulae and dimensions of 
entire penultimate teeth may be thus briefly recapitulated : upper, x6x in 2'5Xl'6; 
lower, xQ x'm 2'4X 1*5 inches. 
The Ultimate Milk-Molar. 
This tooth in E. 'meridionalis holds a ridge formula of x 8 x. Referring to the 
examples from British strata referred to by Ealconer,® I find No. 10 of the Norwich 
Collection is, like No. 4, a previous member of the series, much detrited from rolling 
in the surf. The formula may have been x 7 x, but the posterior talon is wanting, and 
the anterior talon and first plate are not well defined. It is evidently a lower jaw tooth, 
and of the left side. The length is 3'9X 2 inches. As a typical example it is defective, 
and neither in the worn crown nor in its elements do I find sufficient characters to 
distinguish it from E. antiquus. 
In the same Collection is a left upper molar (No. 9) nearly entire, from the “ Iron 
Pan, Forest Bed, Bacton,” Norfolk coast. The specimen was presented by Miss A. 
Gurney. It is 4^X If inches in breadth, and holds a formula of x 7 x. All the ridges 
1 Op. cit., vol. ii, pp. 110 and 114. 
2 Op ; cit., vol. ii, p. 134, and ‘ F. A. S.,’ pi. xivB, figs. 4 and 4 a. 
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