■ 
198 BRITISH POSSIL ELEPHANTS. 
man’s collection, whilst No. 329, a lower left, holds 8 a? in 8X3| inches. It shows a 
long projecting heel which is rare in lower molars of E. meridionalis. 
No. 330 was dug out of the Iron Pan, Eorest Bed, Bacton, by Mr. Gunn, with No. 
302, which is a fragment of a tusk showing a gentle curve like that of the recent species. 
The molar is so encrusted with the Iron Pan as to make it difficult to count the ridges. 
Apparently there are about fourteen or fifteen, including of course talons, in 13 X 4 inches. 
This tooth is of colossal dimensions. 
A superb fragment of a left lower molar is shown by No. 311 of the Gunn Collection. 
The crown is well worn, and displays a depression or fault affecting three central plates in 
their antero-posterior direction, whereby one half is depressed fully a quarter of an inch 
below the opposite side, thus indicating a blow when the tooth was fresh. There is a loss 
of plates in front by detrition, leaving about an inch of the crown bare, followed by 11 x 
in 11 inches by 3‘8 in breadth. The channelled border, thick wedges of cement, and 
general dimensions, show the above to be a typical crown of E. meridionalis. 
Another instance of such pressure on teeth is well shown on No. 219, being a palate 
specimen, where fragments of two enormous upper molars, right and left, appear to have 
been crushed together with great force. Nos. 220, 221, and 223 are also Eorest Bed 
fragments, undeterminable from the foregoing. 
The National Collection contains several very characteristic specimens of the last molar, 
presenting characters precisely like the foregoing. The following entire tooth is suggestive. 
No. 33,330, in the Layton Collection from Happisborough, is a left upper molar with 
seven ridges invaded, but none of the digitations worn out. The crown is somewhat 
arcuated and short for a last molar of even the upper jaw. It holds x 13 x in 9-j X 3 
inches and six ridges in a space of 3 - 8 inches. The large wedges of cement, and the 
breadth as compared with the height and length, are in accord with the foregoing. 
No. 46,214, B. M., is a fragment cut across, and the section polished to show the 
relative proportions of cement to the other elements. It is very characteristic of E. 
meridionalis. The specimen is in the Owles Collection, and is reputed to be from the 
Dogger Bank , 1 so prolific of remains of E. primigenius. 
No. 33,354, Plate XXIV, fig. 1, is a right lower entire molar from Happisborough 
Nine ridges are invaded, but the digitations are not worn out. The specimen is considerably 
arcuated, and holds x 14 x in 12^X3j inches, with thick plates and much intervening 
cement, inasmuch as six plates, including of course their cement, are contained in as 
many inches or about an inch to each plate. 
No. 33,334, B. M., Plate XXIV, fig. 2, is a left upper molar with the anterior talon 
ground down and a round heel. It holds x 14 x in 10Jx3’8 inches. The first five 
discs are fully formed, and show crimping with a tendency to mesial expansion. 2 Six 
1 This statement, however, may be fairly doubted, as I have been informed, on good authority, that the 
trawlers who furnished specimens for Mr. Owles occasionally trawled on the Norfolk Coast likewise, when 
on their way to their fishing ground off the Yorkshire coast. 
2 The disposition to central dilatation of the disc, and even the angulations so pronounced in the 
