ELEPHAS MER1DI0NALIS.—DENTITION. 
199 
ridges are contained in a space of 4'8 inches. The massive size and large quantities of 
intervening cement maintain its characters with the foregoing, whilst the crimping and 
central expansion are like the same in the thick-plated variety of E. antiquus. 
Two last lower molars, right and left, of possibly the same individual, are preserved 
in the Museum of Practical Geology, Jermyn Street. 
The right tooth has the anterior talon and twelve ridges, with a loss of posterior 
ridges. It is 12 X 3| inches. 
The left tooth has fourteen of its anterior ridges preserved with anterior talon, but its 
heel portion is wanting. It is 13 X 3| inches. 
Each molar holds eight in 7‘8 inches. 
About five of the anterior ridges are invaded, nevertheless none of the digitations are 
worn out. The enamel presents the undulatory character of the preceding. The com¬ 
ponents are all in excess, the cement being conspicuously abundant; but it would be 
difficult, without a cross section of these teeth, to separate them from the thick-plated 
molars of E. antiquus. 
The pebbly matrix of the Iron Pan of the Eorest Bed adheres to their sides. These 
specimens were found by Mr. Andrews in 1860. 
Maxilla; and Mandibles containing Molars. 
The ramus, Plate XXII, fig. 2, is described, but not figured, by Palconer. 1 It was 
dug out of the Elephant-bed, or Iron Pan of the Eorest Bed, between Mondesley and 
Bacton, and is No. 215 of the Gunn Collection. It holds portion of the second and 
the entire ultimate true molar. The ridge formula of the latter is obscured by the cement 
covering the tooth, which is partly embedded in the jaw. There are four plates remaining 
of the fifth, and possibly from twelve to thirteen plates besides talons enter into the compo¬ 
sition of the ultimate molar. 
The enamel of the discs is free from the crimping of E. antiquus , and presents an 
undulating border, but there is a decided tendency to mesial expansion in several discs. 
The cement is in excess as compared with E. antiquus generally, and the ridge formida 
of the ultimate tooth is far lower than that of either of the other extinct British species. 
narrow crown of E. antiquus , are met with in E. meridionals from Italian deposits, as is evidenced by a 
cast (No. 37,337, B. M.) from the Yal d’Arno, where a well-worn crown with seven discs shows marked 
angulations, but the crimping is confined to the anterior borders of the machserides. This tooth presents 
an excess of cement, so that each plate and its cement occupy about an inch of the basal antero-posterior 
diameter. Another (No. 37,336, B. M.) upper molar from the same locality has mesial expansion of 
discs without crimping or angulations ; whilst a third (No. 28,820, B. M.) from the same locality contains 
about ten of the last ridges and a posterior talon in 9 X 4 inches. It shows not only central expansion 
of the disc but also pronounced crimping, extending nearly but not quite to the cornua, and is undis- 
tinguishable from a well-worn crown of a broad molar of E. antiquus. Thus, all these characters of the 
latter may occasionally appear not only in individual discs, but in several discs of E. meridionalis. 
1 ‘Pal. Mem.,’ vol. ii, pp. 132 and 140. 
in 
