228 
BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 
pronounced in the Asiatic Elephant and in the Mammoth; but the fibular facet is convex, 
as in them, although not to the same extent. 
The calcaneum of the Mammoth, No. 33,419, B. M. (PI. XIX, fig. 1), when com- 
pared with the above, shows certain differences, to wit, the prominent posterior and 
internal angle of that of the Mammoth, the relatively greater convexities of the tibia! 
and perineal facets, which decidedly bulge out more in the Mammoth and (fig. 2) R. 
antiquus? in both of which there is a wider interosseous pit, and in the Mammoth a 
more concave astragal aspect. 
These points seem to prevail generally in the Mammoth and Asiatic Elephant. 
Again, the dorsal surface of the heel, which is usually narrow (not always, however) in 
the Mammoth, Asiatic, and R. antiquus , is always broad and round in the large bones 
from the Eorest Bed. Moreover, the hollowing out of the inner side of the bone, so 
evident in the Mammoth generally and in the Asiatic, is not nearly so pronounced in the 
above and in the African Elephant. How much all these characters may depend on 
individual peculiarities I cannot say, but, as regards the Asiatic Elephant and the 
Mammoth, they appear pretty constant. 
Naviculare .—Fragments of this bone are met with in collections made on the East 
coast of Norfolk, but, unless for their huge proportions, they do not present characters 
of importance. 
No. 21,642, B. M., from Grays, Essex, exceeds very much the dimensions of any 
specimen of that of the Mammoth with which I am acquainted. Moreover, seeing that 
abundant remains of R. antiquus have been derived from the fluviatile deposits of the 
above locality, the probability is that it belongs to this species. The maximum width of 
the specimen is 9 inches, and the height 55. 
No instance of a cuboid sufficiently large, as compared with the foregoing, has come 
under my notice. 
Internal cuneiforme .—This bone is well represented by the enormous specimen, left 
side, No. 188 of the Gunn Collection (PI. XXI, fig. 2), from the Norfolk coast. The 
following are its dimensions : 
Extreme length 4'5 inches. 
Greatest girth 8’5, the upper end being 8'2 and the lower 7'5 inches in girth. 
The navicular facet (fig. 2 a) is 2X2'5, and the distal articulation (fig. 2 b) is 2 
(a. p. d.), by 2 inches in width. 
Thickness is 3 inches. 
I he proximal facet inclines gently upwards (fig. 2 a), whilst the distal aspect 
(fig. 2 b ) is quite even and subtriangular. 
There is a small round facet externally for the middle cuneiform. 
I he variation to which this bone is subject in the recent and extinct Elephants, and 
possibly also individually, renders its characters, at all events, worthy of record. In the 
1 Pages 64 and 170, 
