GENERAL SUMMARY. 
233 
Scapula of E. primigenius. —Spine elevated ; neck broad; recurved spine nearly 
central; glenoid cavity compressed laterally. (PL XV, fig. 1, and PI. XXII, fig. 4.) 
Supported by numerous instances. 
Scapula of A. antiquus. —Unknown. 
Scapula of JE. meridionalis. —Spine high and prominent; neck very broad; glenoid 
cavity wide interiorly. (PI. XVIII, fig. 3.) Supported by several instances. 
Humerus of JE. primigenius. —Robust; head and tuberosity compressed; deltoid crest 
prominent; deep and narrow bicipital groove; supinator ridge short and not very salient; 
border of condyles sharp and well defined; trochlear depression deep, with erect internal 
side; concavity internal to supinator ridge very pronounced. (PI. XVI, fig. 1.) 
Humerus of H. antiquus. —Not so robust as that of the Mammoth; deltoid crest not 
so prominent; supinator ridge less salient; hollow in front of supinator ridge very pro¬ 
nounced ; trochlear depression deep and circular; outer condyle more globose than in the 
other two. (PI. XVI, fig. 6.) 
Humerus of H. meridionalis. —Not relatively so robust as in the Mammoth, but 
stouter than that of H. antiquus; head more circular than in the Mammoth; supinator 
ridge short, with little saliency; deltoid crest not very prominent as compared with the 
Mammoth; hollow in front of supinator ridge more pronounced in this and the last 
than in the Mammoth; trochlear depression like that of the Mammoth; margins of 
cubital articular surface not so defined as in the other two. (PI. XVI, figs. 2 and 3.) 
Cubitus of H. primigenius. —The radius commences to cross the ulna about its middle, 
and in a more oblique direction than in either of the recent species. The directions in 
the other two extinct forms are unknown to me. 
TJlna. —Radial sulcus often deep; inner articular surface wide at the neck: posterior 
olecranon ridge rounded; external border well defined. 
Radius. —Anterior surface round ; upper and outer side of shaft less flattened than in 
the other two; round inner aspect of shaft. (PI. XVIII, figs. 1 and 2.) 
Cubitus in H. antiquus: TJlna. —Deep radial sulcus; head of olecranon arches more 
inwards than in the Mammoth. 
Radius. —Upper and outer and inner sides of shaft more flat and round than in the 
Mammoth. 
Cubitus of E. meridionalis: TJlna. —Radial sulcus shallow and wide; shaft not so 
flat as in the Mammoth. 
Radius. —Anterior surface of shaft rather round, with outer and inner sides sloping 
and flat. 
Manus of E. primigenius. —Minor distinctions subject to exceptions in scaphoid , lunare, 
and cuneiforme; trapezium and trapezoid inferred to be diagnostic (PL XIX, fig. 8, and 
PL XXI, fig. 3); proximal articular surfaces of the third metacarpal are diagnostic. 
(PL XVIII, fig. 7.) 
Manus of E. antiquus. —Minor distinctions in scaphoid, lunare, and cuneiforme; trape- 
