TREE INSECTS AND THEIR CONTROL 197 
ALL SHADE TREES 
Habits This borer probably destroys 
and the bases of more shade trees 
Damage, than any other insect enemy. 
It is especially prevalent in the 
eastern part of the United States. The 
adult is a large brown beetle, which lays 
its eggs in the heartwood near the ground 
wherever a wound affords an opening. 
Egg-laying takes place shortly after Chest¬ 
nut trees blossom. Upon hatching, the 
grubs feed on the wood and completely 
honeycomb the base of the tree. Their 
work continues for 3 or 4 years and 
frequently their presence is not known for 
the reason that the wound through which 
entrance was gained heals over. Besides 
their attacks at the base, the grubs also 
enter wounds in the larger limbs. Trees 
severely attacked have nothing but an 
outer shell and trunks and limbs are easily 
broken by the wind. 
Because of the difficulty of 
detecting the presence and 
ravages of this borer, it is important to 
take steps to prevent a tree from becom¬ 
ing infested. The most direct measure is 
to promptly treat all wounds and cavities. 
New injuries, scars and other wounds 
exposing the wood should be painted or so 
treated that they will quickly heal and no 
decay be started. Cavities should be 
thoroughly cleaned and filled, with every 
care taken to see that all infested parts of 
the wood are dug out. 
BORING INSECTS 
Parandra Borer 
Remedies. 
ASH 
Ash-bud Gall-mite 
Habits This mite attacks flower 
and buds and causes them to devel- 
Damage. op into abnormal, berry-like 
form, resembling the galls to be 
found on Oaks. Clusters of the galls are 
to be found hanging from the ends of 
branches. In their later stages of develop¬ 
ment the galls turn red, changing to 
brown. The abnormal growth comes, 
presumably, from injuries caused by the 
mites in feeding. No particular damage 
to the tree results. 
Remedy. Thorough spraying is usually 
successful in the elimination of 
the mites. The spraying should be done 
during the winter with some form of con¬ 
tact poison, such as kerosene emulsion or 
a miscible oil solution. 
SAP SUCKING INSECTS 
San Jose Scale 
Habits This sap-sucking scale de- 
and votes its attacks largely to 
Damage, fruit trees, but sometimes 
damages the Elm and other 
shade trees as well. Of the Elms the Eu- 
Remedies. This scale may be kept 
in check by thorough spray¬ 
ing with lime sulphur, miscible oils, fish- 
oil solution or kerosene emulsion. The 
spraying should be done during the dor- 
