TREE INSECTS AND THEIR CONTROL 199 
It is a recently introduced insect so far 
confined to a limited range. In that area 
it is serious. 
Its seriousness is probably part due 
to its being in surroundings where its nat¬ 
ural insect and disease enemies have not 
been introduced. 
The seriousness of the attacks of this 
activity in suppression. 
sticky material applied with a paddle, 
evenly, in a thin layer. 
When young caterpillars are found on 
the leaves in spring the foliage should be 
thoroughly and evenly sprayed with 
arsenate of lead paste, in proportion of 
one pound to ten gallons of water, 
insect class it as one that requires State 
SAP-SUCKING INSECTS 
Aphids 
Habits Beech trees are subject to 
and attack from the Beech-tree 
Damage, blight aphis and the woolly 
Beech aphis. Both are bluish- 
white and woolly. The first named 
attacks the underside of the branches and 
the second the underside of the leaves. 
They are sap-suckers, and they mar a 
tree’s appearance by causing loss of 
leaves. They sometimes kill twigs and 
even young trees. 
Remedy. These insects may be de¬ 
stroyed by spraying in spring 
with kerosene emulsion or 40 per cent, 
nicotine sulphate, applied when the 
invasion is first noted. 
BIRCH 
LEAF CHEWING INSECTS 
Gipsy Moth 
(See description and remedies under Beech) 
BORING INSECTS 
Bronze Birch Borer 
Habits This borer’s attacks are often 
and fatal. The borer is a slender, 
Damage, flat, footless grub, creamy 
white in color, attaining a 
length of about ^ inch, developing into 
a winged beetle which is small and slender 
and olive-bronze in coloring. Egg-laying 
takes place in May or early June, in cre- 
vises on rough surfaces of the bark. 
When hatched, the grubs bore through 
the bark and make zigzag tunnels in bark 
and sapwood, spending the winter in 
chambers in the wood and emerging in 
April or May as adult beetles, leaving oval 
holes in the bark. Severe attack causes 
the top branches to die and the vitality of 
the tree to deteriorate until, at the end 
of a year or two, the tree dies. The pres¬ 
ence and work of the borer is shown by 
Prevention There is no remedy for the 
and attack of this borer. Prob- 
Control. ing, which is effectual 
against other borers, does 
no good because of the winding character 
of the channels; nor is it possible to 
remove the borer by cutting, because of 
the winding course of the channels and 
the large number of the grubs. Pruning 
of infested branches may prolong the life 
of a tree, but the only safe way is to cut 
and burn the tree as soon as dead or dying 
tops or other signs of infestation are 
manifest. 
