2l6 
TREES AS GOOD CITIZENS 
OAK 
LEAF-CHEWING INSECTS 
Gipsy Moth 
(See description and remedies under Beech) 
Brown-Tail Moth—Oaks are very susceptible (See under Elm). 
Bagworm White-marked Tussock Moth 
Forest Tent Caterpillar 
(See descriptions and remedies under Elm) 
Fall Cankerworm 
Habits This leaf-chewer develops 
and from the spring cankerworm, 
Damage, the moth usually emerging 
from the chrysalis stage late 
in the fall. The parent moth is wingless, 
and crawls up nearby trees or bushes to 
lay eggs for the spring hatching. The 
characteristics of the worm and the dam¬ 
age it causes are the same as those given 
for the spring cankerworm. (See Elm). 
Remedies. The treatment for this 
worm is the same as that 
given for the cankerworm under Elm. 
BORING INSECTS 
Carpenter Worm Maple and Oak Twig Pruner 
(See descriptions and remedies under Maple) 
Leopard Moth 
(See description and remedies under Elm) 
Two-lined Oak and Chestnut Borer 
Habits This borer is the most seri- 
and ous insect enemy of the Oak. 
Damage. It prefers trees weakened by 
disease or by attacks from 
other insects, but may attack perfectly 
healthy trees. An attack by this insect is 
very apt to prove fatal. Laid in the early 
summer, in deep cracks in the bark, the 
eggs hatch into flat milky or yellowish 
white grubs with large heads. These 
grubs burrow through the bark and by 
fall each of them bores a tunnel which 
may be three feet in length diagonally 
and across the grain, in the inner bark and 
outer wood. During the winter the grubs 
remain in the outer bark, emerging late 
in the following spring as brownish or 
black beetles, % to % inches long, with 
two yellow lines along the back. The 
tunnels made by the borer are apt to 
girdle the tree and prevent the flow of sap, 
causing death. 
Treatment. When a tree is badly 
infested there is no remedy. 
When a tree is but slightly affected, spray¬ 
ing of the trunk during the fall with poi¬ 
soned kerosene emulsion will establish 
control. 
