222 
TREES AS GOOD CITIZENS 
Habits This sap-sucking scale insect 
and sometimes causes serious dam- 
Damage. age to the branches of a tree. 
The young spend the winter 
on the bark, and the following spring and 
summer they use the bark as their feeding 
and breeding ground. They are gray or 
brown, about yi inch long and almost as 
wide, and prominently raised. In severe 
attacks they encrust the underside of 
branches so thickly as to give them a 
sickly, blackened appearance, and the 
death of the branches may result. 
Winter spraying with crude 
petroleum is effectual. Mis- 
cible-oil solution, applied in winter, also 
has its advocates. On small trees whale- 
oil soap in a proportion of one pound to 
four gallons of water, makes a satisfac¬ 
tory spray, if applied just after the young 
are hatched, early in September. 
Tulip Tree Soft Scale 
Remedy. 
WALNUT 
Walnut Caterpillar 
(See description and remedies under Hickory) 
