DISCOVERED AT KIRKDALE, IN YORKSHIRE. 
35 
quantity of fleshy matter that exists on the outer extremity of the 
wings of birds; the former affording an obstacle, and the latter no 
temptation to the hyaenas to devour them. Two of the bones here 
mentioned (see Plate XI. fig. 19 to 23), in size and form, and 
the position of the points at the base of the quills, exactly resemble 
the ulna of a raven; a third (fig. 26, 27) approaches closely to the 
Spanish runt, which is one of the largest of the pigeon tribe; a fourth 
bone (fig. 24, 25) is the right ulna of a lark; a fifth (fig. 28, 29) the 
coracoid process of the right scapula of a small species of duck resem¬ 
bling the Anas sponsor, or summer duck; and a sixth (Plate XIII. 
fig. 11, 12), resembles as closely as possible the humerus of a com¬ 
mon snipe*. 
With respect to the bear and tiger, the remains of which are 
extremely rare, and of which the teeth that have been found (see 
Plate VI. fig. 1, 5, 6, 7)> indicate a magnitude equal to the great 
Ursus spelaeus of the caves of Germany, and of the largest Bengal 
tiger, it is more probable that the hyaenas found their dead carcasses, 
and dragged them to the den, than that they were ever joint tenants 
of the same cavern. It is however obvious that they were all con¬ 
temporaneous inhabitants of antediluvian Yorkshire. 
In the case of such minute and burrowing animals as the mouse 
and weasel, and perhaps the rabbit and fox, it is possible that some 
of them may have crept into the cave by undiscovered crevices, and 
there died since the stoppage of its mouth ; and if so, their 
* For my knowledge of these, and many other bones I have from Kirkdale, I am 
indebted to a careful examination and comparison of them made by Mr. Brooks, in his 
most valuable collection of osteological preparations. Mr. Clift also has kindly assisted 
me at the Royal College of Surgeons in furtherance of the same object. 
F 2 
