RODS AND RINGS OF IVORY. SKEWER OF BONE. 89 
delicate dendrites*; so also was the circumference of some small frag¬ 
ments of rings made of the same ivory, and found with the rods, 
being nearly of the size and shape of segments of a small teacup 
handle; the rings when complete were probably four or five inches 
in diameter. Both rods and rings, as well as the nerite shells, were 
stained superficially with red, and lay in the same red substance that 
enveloped the bones; they had evidently been buried at the same 
time with the woman. In another place were found three fragments 
of the same ivory, which had been cut into unmeaning forms by a 
rough edged instrument, probably a coarse knife, the marks of which 
remain on all their surfaces. One of these fragments is nearly of the 
shape and size of a human tongue, and its surface is smooth as if it 
had been applied to some use in which it became polished; its sur¬ 
face also is covered with dendrites like that of the rods: there was 
found also a rude instrument, resembling a short skewer or chop- 
stick, and made of the metacarpal bone of a wolf, sharp and flattened 
to an edge at one end, and terminated at the other by the natural 
rounded condyle of the bone, which the person who cut it had pro¬ 
bably extracted, as well as the ivory tusk, from the diluvial detritus 
within the cave. No metallic instruments have as yet been dis¬ 
covered amongst these remains, which, though clearly not coeval 
with the antediluvian bones of the extinct species, appear to have 
lain there many centuries. 
The charcoal and fragments of recent bone that are apparently 
the remains of human food, render it probable that this exposed and 
solitary cave has at some time or other been the scene of human ha- 
* A superficial stain of oxyde of iron, assuming the form of branches of trees, or 
extremely delicate moss ; hut almost invisibly minute. 
