96 
GENERAL CONCLUSION AS TO ENGLAND. 
near Plymouth. I have as yet found no evidence to show that either 
of the caves at Paviland were occupied as antediluvian dens. 
In the flat surface of the fields, a quarter of a mile distant inland 
from the cliff of Paviland, is an open cavern, to which it is possible to 
descend only by a ladder, and which, like the open fissure at Dun- 
combe Park, contains at its bottom, and in the course of its descent, 
the uncovered skeletons of sheep, dogs, foxes, and other modern 
animals, that occasionally fall into it and perish. It is needless to 
repeat the arguments I have founded on facts of this kind, to show 
the manner in which antediluvian animals may have fallen into the 
then existing cavities of the limestone rocks, and have supplied the 
remains we find in the bony breccia of Gibraltar and Plymouth, and 
I may here add also of Paviland. 
The above facts are, I think, sufficient to warrant us in concluding, 
that in the period we have been speaking of the extinct species of 
hymna, tiger, bear, elephant, rhinoceros, and hippopotamus, no less 
than the wolves, foxes, horses, oxen, deer, and other animals which 
are not distinguishable from existing species, had established them¬ 
selves from one extremity of England to the other, from the caves of 
Yorkshire to those of Plymouth and Glamorganshire; whilst the di¬ 
luvial gravel beds of Warwickshire, Oxford, and London, show that 
they were not wanting also in the more central parts of the country ; 
and M. Cuvier has established, on evidence of a similar nature, the 
probability of their having been spread in equal abundance over the 
Continent of Europe. • But it by no means follows, from the certainty 
of the bones having been dragged by beasts of prey into the small 
cavern at Kirkdale, that those of similar animals must have been 
