100 ELEPHANT AND RHINOCEROS COEVAL WITH BEAR. 
that of a large horse. M. Goldfuss also in his Taschenbuch has given 
a general description of all the most important caves that occur in the 
neighbourhood of Muggendorf; and Leibnitz in his Protogaea, and 
De Luc in vol. 4 of his Lettres Physiques et Morales, have given 
considerable details as to the interior of the most important caverns 
in the Hartz. 
M. Rosenmuller says he has never seen the remains of the elephant 
and rhinoceros in the same cavern with those of bears; but that 
he has found the bones of wolves, foxes, horses, mules, oxen, sheep, 
stags, roebucks, badgers, dogs, and men*; and that the number of 
all these is very small in proportion to that of the bears. The bones of 
all kinds occur in scattered fragments; one entire skeleton only of the 
Ursus spelmus is said to have been found by Bruckmann, in a cave in 
the Carpathians, and to have been sent to Dresden-j*. He adds, that 
the different state of these bones shows that they were introduced at 
different periods, and that those of all the animals last enumerated, 
including man, are in much higher preservation than those of the 
bears and hyaenas. 
Thus it appears that the bones which are in most perfect pre¬ 
servation, and belong to existing species, have been introduced during 
the post-diluvian period; whilst the extinct bears and hyaenas are 
referable to the antediluvian state of the earth. In corroboration of 
* Mr. Esper has found in the cave of Gailenreuth many fragments of sepulchral 
urns, which from their form were probably made at least 800 years ago: they were of four 
kinds, and some of them must have been two feet in diameter, others much smaller. 
t Being at Dresden myself in 1822, I ascertained that no such skeleton exists 
at present in the royal collection in that city, although there are magnificent specimens 
in it of heads and single bones of the fossil bears and fossil elephants. 
