DISPOSITION ON THE BONES IN GERMAN CAVES. 101 
this, I found in 1820, in the collection of the Monastery of Krems- 
minster, near Steyer, in Upper Austria, skulls and bones of the Ursus 
spekeus in consolidated beds of diluvial gravel, forming a pudding- 
stone, and dug for building near the monastery. M. Cuvier men¬ 
tions the occurrence of teeth, supposed to be those of bears, with the 
remains of elephant, rhinoceros, and hyaena, in the diluvium near 
Canstadt, on the Necker; and Mr. Pentland has discovered in Italy 
the remains of bears mixed with the bones of hyaena, elephant, and 
rhinoceros in the diluvium of the Val d’Arno. Hence it appears that 
these bears lived with the elephant and rhinoceros in the period im¬ 
mediately preceding the formation of the diluvium; and the same 
thing has been already shown of the extinct hyaena in the gravel of 
France, Germany, and England. 
M. Rosenmuller states that in all the caverns he has examined, the 
bones are disposed nearly after the same manner; sometimes scattered 
separately, and sometimes accumulated in beds and heaps of many 
feet in thickness; they are found every where, from the entrance to 
the deepest and most secret recesses; never in entire skeletons, but 
single bones mixed confusedly from all parts of the body, and animals 
of all ages. The skulls are generally in the lowest part of the beds of 
bone, having from their form and weight sunk or rolled downwards, 
through the longer and lighter bones, during the agitation to which 
they have been submitted; the lower jaws are rarely found in contact 
with or near to the upper ones, as would follow from the fact last 
mentioned*. He adds, that they are often buried in a brown 
* At Kirkdale, not one skull, and few, if any, of the larger bones, are found entire; 
for these had all been broken up by the hyasnas to extract the brains and marrow; and 
in their strong and worn out teeth we see the instruments by which they were thus 
