ELEPHANT AND RHINOCEROS IN GRAVEL, NEAR THE CAVES. 107 
and rhinoceros lived in the neighbourhood of these caves, in the 
period immediately preceding the formation of the diluvium, is 
probable, from the abundant occurrence in it of the bones of both 
these animals near the caves of Scharzfeld, in the Hartz, and of 
'Xr 
Altenstein, in Saxe Meinungen, mentioned by Blumenbach. (Ar- 
chaeologia Telluris, Part I. p. 13 and 15.) We shall hereafter see 
that carnivorous animals have been found recently in vertical fissures, 
as well as in the caves. 
Professor Hoilman, in the Commentar: Gottingens: for 1752, 
T. II. p. 215, has published an account of many baskets full of these 
large bones, which were discovered 70 years ago, in marl pits 
(i. e. diluvial loam), at the village of Horden, near Herzberg, and 
within six miles of the cave of Scharzfeld, and sent to Gottingen; 
amongst them were portions of five skeletons of rhinoceros; and I 
have already mentioned another discovery of the bones of elephant, 
rhinoceros, and hyaena, made in 1808, in the same neighbourhood of 
Herzberg, between Osterode and Dorst; they were also embedded in 
diluvial marl, and are described by Professor Blumenbach, in Part II. 
of his Archseologia Telluris. The facts of the same extinct species of 
hyaena, being common to the caves and gravel of France, Germany, 
and England, and of bears occurring in the diluvial gravel of Upper 
Austria, Wirtemberg, and Italy, prove both these animals to have 
been the antediluvian contemporaries of the extinct elephant and 
rhinoceros; there is, therefore, no anachronism in finding the remains 
of the two latter in dens that were occasionally inhabited by the 
hyaenas and bears. 
