112 
CAVES IN WESTPHALIA. 
taming antediluvian bones of elephants, &c. at Hutton, in the Mendip 
Hills. In the caverns near Theux, I found a crust of stalagmite 
covering the mud; and above this stalagmite some bones of modern 
animals, e. g. chicken, fox, dog, and sheep: the mud beneath the 
stalagmite has not been examined, but I could obtain no intelligence 
of bones having been as yet discovered in it. In this district there 
are other large caves near Spa and Verviers, which I had not time to 
visit, but which deserve examination, with a view to the discovery of 
bones beneath their stalagmitic floor *. 
II. CAVES IN WESTPHALIA. 
I had no opportunity to visit the caves of Kluterhoehle and 
Sundwick, in Westphalia, but I was informed that they occur in the 
same transition limestone as those of Verviers and Theux ; and in 
the Museum of the University of Bonn, I found magnificent heads 
* The manner in which these fissures are filled up to the surface of the soil is pre¬ 
cisely similar to that of the mud veins, or dykes, which I have already described as oc¬ 
curring in the limestone rock at Chudleigh, and to those dykes which Mr. Strangways 
(in the 5th vol. of the Geol. Trans. Plate 26) has represented as occurring in vertical 
fissures of transition limestone on the banks of the Pulcovca, near Petersburg, and as 
being filled with diluvial gravel, containing boulders of granite, such as are scattered over 
the surface of all that country: these dykes have immediate communication with a bed 
of the same diluvium, also containing granite boulders, and reposing on the surface of the 
limestone in which the fissures occur. 
It is probable that the observation of dykes, or veins, of this kind, so evidently filled 
by substances poured in from above, suggested to Werner the erroneous idea, that 
basaltic and metallic veins also had been filled by materials introduced from above in a 
similar manner. 
